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Multisensory Approaches for Managing Pediatric Dental Anxiety

23 settembre 2026 aggiornato da: Mustafa Sarp Kaya, Bezmialem Vakif University

Evaluation of the Effects of Virtual Reality and Weighted Blanket Use on Dental Anxiety Among School-Aged Children With High Dental Anxiety

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of distraction using virtual reality (VR) glasses and deep-pressure stimulation using weighted blankets on dental anxiety, cooperation, and pain perception in school-aged children. The study focuses on children aged 5-9 years with high dental anxiety (CFSS-DS score ≥39) who require dental procedures involving local anesthesia, such as Class II restorations, pulpotomy, or extractions. Participants will be randomly assigned to four groups: a control group receiving standard behavior guidance, a VR group, a weighted blanket group, and a combined group using both VR and weighted blankets. The study aims to determine the effects of these non-pharmacological, non-invasive, sensory-based interventions on children's clinical experience and physiological parameters.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Reclutamento

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

This clinical trial is designed as a four-arm, randomized controlled study to compare sensory-based behavior guidance techniques in pediatric dentistry.

Study Arms:

Group 1 (Control): Treatment with basic behavior guidance techniques.

Group 2 (VR): Treatment using virtual reality (VR) glasses as a distraction tool.

Group 3 (WB): Treatment using a 3-kg weighted blanket for deep-pressure stimulation.

Group 4 (Combined): Simultaneous use of VR glasses and a weighted blanket.

Methodology:

Children aged 5-9 years who meet the inclusion criteria will be evaluated at multiple time points: pre-treatment, during local anesthesia, and post-treatment.

Outcome Measures:

Dental Anxiety: Assessed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS) and the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS).

Cooperation: Evaluated using the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale and the FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale.

Pain Perception: Measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale.

Physiological Parameters: Heart rate and oxygen saturation will be monitored throughout the procedure.

Acceptability: Subjective feedback from children and parents will be collected via post-treatment surveys to assess the feasibility of and satisfaction with the interventions.

Inclusion is restricted to systemically healthy children (ASA I-II) whose body weight (15-30 kg) is compatible with the 3-kg weighted blanket to ensure safety and appropriate therapeutic pressure.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Stimato)

60

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

Backup dei contatti dello studio

  • Nome: Mustafa Sarp Kaya, Associate Professor
  • Numero di telefono: +90 532 230 68 01
  • Email: mskaya@bezmialem.edu.tr

Luoghi di studio

    • Fatih
      • Istanbul, Fatih, Turchia (Türkiye), 34093
        • Reclutamento
        • Bezm-i Alem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

Da 5 anni a 9 anni (Bambino)

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Sessi ammissibili allo studio

Tutto

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children aged between 5 and 9 years.
  • Children with a total score of 39 or higher on the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS).
  • Requirement for dental treatment necessitating local anesthesia, such as Class II restorations, pulpotomy, pulpectomy, or extractions.
  • Systemically healthy children classified as ASA I or ASA II.
  • Voluntary participation of both the child and the parent, with written informed consent obtained from the parent.
  • Body weight between 15 and 30 kg, ensuring that the 3-kg weighted blanket corresponds to 10-20% of the child's body weight.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children with a CFSS-DS score of 38 or lower.
  • Presence of intellectual or developmental disabilities.
  • Presence of visual or hearing impairments.
  • Presence of neurodevelopmental or neurological disorders, such as epilepsy.
  • Acute or chronic respiratory diseases.
  • Neuromuscular or orthopedic conditions that may pose a risk during the use of the weighted blanket.
  • History of dizziness, nausea, or vertigo associated with virtual reality use.
  • Refusal of the specific interventions, namely VR glasses or the weighted blanket, by the child or the parent.

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Terapia di supporto
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Separare

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Comparatore attivo: Control Group

Participants in this group will receive dental treatment using only basic behavior guidance techniques, such as tell-show-do and positive reinforcement, without any additional sensory interventions.

Traditional non-pharmacological behavior management techniques, including the "Tell-Show-Do" method, positive reinforcement, and distraction through verbal communication, will be used as a standard protocol.

Sperimentale: Virtual Reality Group

Participants will wear virtual reality (VR) glasses during the dental procedure. The VR system will be used as a visual and auditory distraction tool to reduce dental anxiety and pain perception.

The participant will wear a Virtual Reality headset during the dental procedure. Audio-visual content specifically selected for pediatric distraction will be played to divert the child's attention away from dental stimuli and reduce anxiety.

Sperimentale: Weighted Blanket Group

Participants will be covered with a 3-kg weighted blanket during the dental procedure to provide deep-pressure stimulation. This non-pharmacological intervention aims to promote relaxation and reduce physiological stress responses.

A 3 kg weighted blanket will be placed over the participant's body during the dental treatment. This intervention aims to provide deep pressure stimulation to promote relaxation and decrease behavioral stress responses.

Sperimentale: Combined Intervention Group

Participants in this group will receive a combination of the two interventions during the entire dental procedure: virtual reality (VR) glasses for distraction and a weighted blanket for deep-pressure stimulation.

The participant will wear a Virtual Reality headset during the dental procedure. Audio-visual content specifically selected for pediatric distraction will be played to divert the child's attention away from dental stimuli and reduce anxiety.

A 3 kg weighted blanket will be placed over the participant's body during the dental treatment. This intervention aims to provide deep pressure stimulation to promote relaxation and decrease behavioral stress responses.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) Score
Lasso di tempo: During the dental examination session, before dental treatment.

Dental fear and anxiety will be assessed using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). The total score ranges from 15 to 75, with higher scores indicating greater dental fear and anxiety.

During the dental examination session, before dental treatment.
Facial Image Scale (FIS) Score
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before dental treatment, immediately after local anesthetic injection, and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Dental anxiety will be assessed using the Facial Image Scale (FIS), a 5-point facial image scale ranging from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating greater dental anxiety. FIS scores will be recorded at three time points: immediately before dental treatment, immediately after local anesthetic injection, and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Immediately before dental treatment, immediately after local anesthetic injection, and immediately after completion of dental treatment.
Frankl Behavior Rating Scale Score
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before dental treatment ande immediately after dental treatment.

Child behavior and cooperation during dental treatment will be assessed using the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale, which categorizes behavior into four levels ranging from definitely negative to definitely positive.

Immediately before dental treatment ande immediately after dental treatment.
FLACC Behavioral Pain Assessment Score
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before dental treatment, immediately after local anesthetic injection, and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Pain-related behavioral responses will be assessed using the FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale. The total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain-related behavioral response. Assessment will be performed by an independent evaluator blinded to group allocation using standardized video recordings.

Immediately before dental treatment, immediately after local anesthetic injection, and immediately after completion of dental treatment.
Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale Score
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection.

Self-reported pain intensity will be assessed using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, ranging from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater pain intensity.

Immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection.
Heart Rate
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before dental treatment, immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute (bpm) using a pulse oximeter.

Immediately before dental treatment, immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection and immediately after completion of dental treatment.
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂)
Lasso di tempo: Immediately before dental treatment, immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) will be measured using a pulse oximeter and recorded as percentage (%).

Immediately before dental treatment, immediately before and immediately after local anesthetic injection and immediately after completion of dental treatment.

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Mustafa Sarp Kaya, Associate Professor, Bezm-i Alem Vakif University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

19 agosto 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

1 aprile 2027

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

1 aprile 2027

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

23 maggio 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

23 settembre 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

30 settembre 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

30 settembre 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

23 settembre 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 settembre 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • 2026/915

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Descrizione del piano IPD

Individual participant data will not be shared to protect participant confidentiality and privacy in accordance with the ethical committee approval and local data protection regulations.

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .