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Ephedrine Versus Norepinephrine and Fetal Acid-Base Status During Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia (NEO-FET)

4 de outubro de 2026 atualizado por: mehmet özkılıç

Comparative Effects of Ephedrine and Norepinephrine on Fetal Acid-Base Status During Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Double-Blind Study

This study compares ephedrine and norepinephrine for the treatment of low blood pressure (hypotension) that may occur during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Maternal hypotension can reduce uteroplacental blood flow and may affect fetal well-being. Both medications are commonly used to restore blood pressure. The primary aim of this study is to compare their effects on neonatal acid-base status, assessed by umbilical arterial pH measured immediately after birth. Secondary outcomes include other umbilical arterial blood gas parameters, maternal blood pressure and heart rate, vasopressor requirements, maternal adverse events, and neonatal Apgar scores.

Visão geral do estudo

Status

Concluído

Condições

Intervenção / Tratamento

Descrição detalhada

This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial designed to compare the effects of ephedrine and norepinephrine on fetal acid-base status during elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. Maternal hypotension is a common complication of spinal anesthesia and may reduce uteroplacental perfusion. Ephedrine and norepinephrine are both used to restore maternal blood pressure, but their comparative effects on fetal acid-base balance and maternal hemodynamics remain incompletely defined.

The primary aim of the study is to compare umbilical arterial pH between patients treated with ephedrine and those treated with norepinephrine for postspinal hypotension. Secondary outcomes include other umbilical arterial blood gas parameters, including pCO₂, bicarbonate, base excess, and lactate; the incidence of neonatal acidosis defined as umbilical arterial pH <7.20; Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes; maternal systolic blood pressure and heart rate; vasopressor requirements; and maternal adverse events.

A total of 155 parturients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio before spinal anesthesia. Because the study drugs were administered only when postspinal hypotension occurred, the analysis population consisted of randomized participants who developed hypotension and received the allocated vasopressor. This resulted in 102 participants in the final analysis population, including 50 in the ephedrine group and 52 in the norepinephrine group.

All randomized participants underwent a standardized spinal anesthesia protocol. Postspinal hypotension was treated with repeated intravenous boluses of either ephedrine 5 mg or norepinephrine 5 µg according to the allocated treatment arm. The study was designed to compare fetal acid-base effects and maternal hemodynamic responses associated with these two vasopressor strategies.

Tipo de estudo

Intervencional

Inscrição (Real)

155

Estágio

  • Fase 4

Contactos e Locais

Esta seção fornece os detalhes de contato para aqueles que conduzem o estudo e informações sobre onde este estudo está sendo realizado.

Locais de estudo

      • Diyarbakır, Turquia (Türkiye), 21070
        • SBÜ Gazi Yaşargil Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi

Critérios de participação

Os pesquisadores procuram pessoas que se encaixem em uma determinada descrição, chamada de critérios de elegibilidade. Alguns exemplos desses critérios são a condição geral de saúde de uma pessoa ou tratamentos anteriores.

Critérios de elegibilidade

Idades elegíveis para estudo

18 anos a 45 anos (Adulto)

Aceita Voluntários Saudáveis

Não

Gêneros Elegíveis para o Estudo

Fêmea

Descrição

nclusion Criteria:

  • Women aged 18-45 years
  • Singleton term pregnancy (≥37 weeks of gestation)
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I-II
  • Scheduled for elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
  • Known systemic disease
  • Multiple gestation
  • Emergency cesarean delivery
  • Contraindication to spinal anesthesia
  • Known allergy to the study medications
  • Pre-diagnosed fetal growth restriction identified using standardized growth curves and pathological Doppler findings
  • Suspected fetal distress
  • Oligohydramnios
  • Known congenital fetal anomalies

Plano de estudo

Esta seção fornece detalhes do plano de estudo, incluindo como o estudo é projetado e o que o estudo está medindo.

Como o estudo é projetado?

Detalhes do projeto

  • Finalidade Principal: Prevenção
  • Alocação: Randomizado
  • Modelo Intervencional: Atribuição Paralela
  • Mascaramento: Triplo

Armas e Intervenções

Grupo de Participantes / Braço
Intervenção / Tratamento
Comparador Ativo: Ephedrine Group

Participants allocated to this group received intravenous ephedrine 5 mg boluses for the treatment of postspinal hypotension. Additional 5 mg boluses were administered at 1-minute intervals as needed until the predefined blood pressure target was achieved.

Intravenous ephedrine 5 mg bolus administered for the treatment of postspinal hypotension during elective cesarean delivery. Additional 5 mg boluses were administered at 1-minute intervals as needed until the predefined blood pressure target was achieved.

Outros nomes:
  • Cloridrato de Efedrina
Experimental: Norepinephrine Group

Participants allocated to this group received intravenous norepinephrine 5 µg boluses for the treatment of postspinal hypotension. Additional 5 µg boluses were administered at 1-minute intervals as needed until the predefined blood pressure target was achieved.

Intravenous norepinephrine 5 µg bolus administered for the treatment of postspinal hypotension during elective cesarean delivery. Additional 5 µg boluses were administered at 1-minute intervals as needed until the predefined blood pressure target was achieved.

Outros nomes:
  • Steradin®

O que o estudo está medindo?

Medidas de resultados primários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Umbilical arterial pH
Prazo: Immediately after delivery

Umbilical arterial pH measured immediately after delivery from an arterial blood sample obtained from a double-clamped segment of the umbilical cord and analyzed within 5 minutes using a blood gas analyzer.

Immediately after delivery

Medidas de resultados secundários

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Maternal hypotension
Prazo: From spinal anesthesia until delivery

Postspinal hypotension was defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure to less than 80% of the baseline value. The number and duration of hypotensive episodes were recorded.

From spinal anesthesia until delivery
Incidence of neonatal acidosis (UA pH <7.20)
Prazo: Immediately after delivery

Incidence of neonatal acidosis, defined as an umbilical arterial pH <7.20, determined from an umbilical arterial blood sample obtained immediately after delivery and analyzed using a point-of-care blood gas analyzer.

Immediately after delivery
Maternal heart rate response
Prazo: From spinal anesthesia until delivery / during surger

Maternal heart rate was recorded after spinal anesthesia and during periods requiring vasopressor administration. Temporal heart rate changes and the occurrence of tachycardia were recorded.

From spinal anesthesia until delivery / during surger

Outras medidas de resultado

Medida de resultado
Descrição da medida
Prazo
Apgar score at 1 minute
Prazo: At 1 minute after delivery

Apgar Score (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) will be assessed by the attending neonatologist. The score ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores indicate better neonatal condition. The outcome is the distribution of Apgar scores at 1 minute after birth.

At 1 minute after delivery
Apgar score at 5 minutes
Prazo: At 5 minutes after delivery

Apgar Score (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) will be assessed by the attending neonatologist. The score ranges from 0 to 10, where higher scores indicate better neonatal condition. The outcome is the distribution of Apgar scores at 5 minutes after birth.

At 5 minutes after delivery
Requirement for additional vasopressor doses
Prazo: During surgery

The number of vasopressor boluses and the total amount of ephedrine (mg) or norepinephrine (µg) administered for treatment of postspinal hypotension were recorded.

During surgery
Neonatal heart rate after delivery
Prazo: Immediately after delivery

Neonatal heart rate measured after delivery and compared between the ephedrine and norepinephrine groups.

Immediately after delivery

Colaboradores e Investigadores

É aqui que você encontrará pessoas e organizações envolvidas com este estudo.

Patrocinador

Investigadores

  • Investigador principal: Mehmet ÖZKILIÇ, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Specialist, MD, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital

Datas de registro do estudo

Essas datas acompanham o progresso do registro do estudo e os envios de resumo dos resultados para ClinicalTrials.gov. Os registros do estudo e os resultados relatados são revisados ​​pela National Library of Medicine (NLM) para garantir que atendam aos padrões específicos de controle de qualidade antes de serem publicados no site público.

Datas Principais do Estudo

Início do estudo (Real)

1 de setembro de 2025

Conclusão Primária (Real)

1 de dezembro de 2025

Conclusão do estudo (Real)

1 de dezembro de 2025

Datas de inscrição no estudo

Enviado pela primeira vez

1 de abril de 2025

Enviado pela primeira vez que atendeu aos critérios de CQ

8 de abril de 2025

Primeira postagem (Real)

10 de abril de 2025

Atualizações de registro de estudo

Última Atualização Postada (Real)

8 de outubro de 2026

Última atualização enviada que atendeu aos critérios de controle de qualidade

4 de outubro de 2026

Última verificação

1 de outubro de 2026

Mais Informações

Termos relacionados a este estudo

Outros números de identificação do estudo

  • GYEAH-OB-NE-EF-001

Plano para dados de participantes individuais (IPD)

Planeja compartilhar dados de participantes individuais (IPD)?

NÃO

Descrição do plano IPD

IPD will not be shared because data sharing was not included in the approved study protocol.

Informações sobre medicamentos e dispositivos, documentos de estudo

Estuda um medicamento regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Estuda um produto de dispositivo regulamentado pela FDA dos EUA

Não

Essas informações foram obtidas diretamente do site clinicaltrials.gov sem nenhuma alteração. Se você tiver alguma solicitação para alterar, remover ou atualizar os detalhes do seu estudo, entre em contato com register@clinicaltrials.gov. Assim que uma alteração for implementada em clinicaltrials.gov, ela também será atualizada automaticamente em nosso site .