打鼾的小儿腺样体扁桃体切除术试验 (PATS)
轻度睡眠呼吸障碍治疗对儿童健康的影响
研究概览
详细说明
在美国每年进行腺样体扁桃体切除术超过 500,000 次,是儿童全身麻醉下最常见的手术。 大多数手术是针对呼吸阻塞而不是针对感染或其他适应症进行的。
腺样体扁桃体切除术 (AT) 在改善患有明显阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 儿童 7 个月的神经认知、行为和健康结果方面的作用最近在儿童腺样体扁桃体切除术试验 (CHAT) 中得到了解决。 这项严格、多中心、随机对照试验的结果提供了至关重要的数据,表明与观察等待相比,腺样体扁桃体切除术可改善行为、生活质量、睡眠呼吸障碍 (SDB) 症状和多导睡眠图参数。
然而,儿童腺样体扁桃体切除术试验解决了手术在少数患有明显阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的手术候选人中的作用,这只是睡眠呼吸障碍的一种形式,包括更常见的表型,原发性打鼾(也称为轻度睡眠呼吸障碍(MSDB))。 轻度睡眠呼吸障碍的特点是打鼾,但没有明显的阻塞或气体交换异常,在儿童中的患病率约为 10%。 由于大多数呼吸阻塞手术是针对轻度睡眠呼吸障碍而不是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停进行的,因此下一个合乎逻辑的问题是手术是否也能有效改善这一大群儿童的症状和健康结果。
打鼾小儿腺样体扁桃体切除术试验 (PATS) 旨在利用睡眠医学、耳鼻喉科和临床试验领域领导者的成功合作,有效利用 CHAT 试验的经验来评估腺样体扁桃体切除术在轻度睡眠呼吸障碍儿童中的作用,同时旨在通过解决几个关键问题来解决有关小儿轻度睡眠呼吸障碍管理方法的不确定性:
- 评估对儿童及其家人重要的结果,尤其是患者报告的结果,例如行为、生活质量和睡眠障碍。
- 检查轻度睡眠呼吸障碍风险增加的儿童(例如学龄前儿童、少数民族以及患有哮喘或肥胖的儿童)在治疗反应方面的差异。
- 评估轻度睡眠呼吸障碍儿童的医疗保健利用情况。
- 评估调节影响,如二手烟、睡眠不足、社会经济地位和家庭功能
- 检查在儿童腺样体扁桃体切除术试验 (CHAT) 中不可行的长期(12 个月)结果。
鉴于儿童睡眠呼吸障碍的高发病率,这些目标具有重大的公共卫生意义。
研究类型
注册 (实际的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习地点
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Massachusetts
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Boston、Massachusetts、美国、02115
- Boston Children's Hospital
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Michigan
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Ann Arbor、Michigan、美国、48109
- University of Michigan Health System
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Ohio
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Cincinnati、Ohio、美国、45229
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
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Cleveland、Ohio、美国、44106
- University Hospitals-Case Medical Center
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Pennsylvania
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Philadelphia、Pennsylvania、美国、19104
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
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Texas
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Dallas、Texas、美国、75390
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
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Virginia
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Norfolk、Virginia、美国、23507
- Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
接受健康志愿者
描述
纳入标准:
轻度睡眠呼吸障碍 (MSDB) 的诊断定义为满足以下所有标准:
- 护理人员报告每周至少有 3 个晚上的大部分时间打鼾,并且已经存在至少三个月(平均每周打鼾 > 3 个晚上或睡眠时间的一半以上)和
- 中央评分多导睡眠图 (PSG) 确认阻塞性呼吸暂停指数 (OAI) < 1/小时和呼吸暂停低通气指数 (AHI) ≤3/小时,并且无氧饱和度 (SpO2) 去饱和度 < 90% 并伴有阻塞性事件,确认于巴黎圣日耳曼。
- 基于 0-4 的标准化量表,扁桃体肥大≥2。
- 被耳鼻喉科医师 (ENT) 评估认为是 AT 的候选者(即,没有技术问题会成为手术禁忌症,例如粘膜下腭裂。)
- AT 的主要适应症是夜间梗阻症状(即不是复发性感染或其他适应症)。
排除标准:
- 既往扁桃体切除术,包括部分扁桃体切除术
- 根据美国耳鼻喉科学会-头颈外科临床实践指南,复发性扁桃体炎需要及时行腺样体扁桃体切除术 (AT)(即过去一年≥7 次/年;过去 2 年≥5 次/年或≥3 次) /yr 在过去的 3 年中。)
- 严重肥胖(体重指数 (BMI) z 分数≥3)。
- 未能茁壮成长,定义为身高或体重低于年龄和性别的第 5 个百分位数。
严重的慢性健康状况可能会妨碍参与或混淆研究中的关键变量,包括但不限于:
- 严重的心肺疾病,如囊性纤维化和先天性心脏病。
- 出血性疾病
- 镰状细胞性贫血症
- 癫痫需要药物治疗
- PSG 上发现的显着心律失常包括:非持续性室性心动过速、心房颤动、二度房室传导阻滞、持续性心动过缓或持续性心动过速。
- 其他严重的慢性健康问题,如糖尿病、发作性睡病和控制不佳的哮喘。
- 可能影响气道、认知或行为的已知遗传、颅面、神经或精神疾病;
- 当前使用精神药物(治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍的药物、催眠药、抗高血压药、降血糖药(包括胰岛素)、抗惊厥药、抗凝血药或生长激素除外。
- 自闭症谱系障碍的诊断。
- 智力缺陷或分配给所有学科的独立教室。
- 严重发育障碍史或适应性行为评估系统 (ABAS-3) 评分≤60。
- 计划在一年内搬出该地区的儿童/看护人。
- 寄养儿童。
- 不会说英语或西班牙语的儿童/看护人不足以完成神经行为测量。
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 主要用途:治疗
- 分配:随机化
- 介入模型:并行分配
- 屏蔽:单身的
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
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有源比较器:观察等待和支持治疗
所有观察等待和支持性护理 (WWSC) 参与者都将收到有关儿童健康睡眠习惯的信息以及适当的临床转诊以管理合并症。
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有关儿童健康睡眠习惯的信息和适当的临床转诊以管理合并症。
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实验性的:早期腺样体扁桃体切除术
所有早期腺样体扁桃体切除术 (eAT) 参与者将收到有关儿童健康睡眠习惯的信息,在随机分组后 4 周内接受腺样体扁桃体切除术,并接受适当的临床转诊以管理合并症
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随机分组后 4 周内进行标准的临床腺样体扁桃体切除术,以及有关儿童健康睡眠习惯的信息和适当的临床转诊以管理合并症。
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研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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护理人员报告的执行功能行为评定量表 (BRIEF) 全球执行综合 (GEC) T 分数从基线到 12 个月的变化
大体时间:12个月
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Brief GEC 部分包括行为调节、情绪调节和认知调节(BRIEF-2,适用于 5 至 18 岁儿童)或抑制性自我控制、灵活性和紧急元认知(BRIEF-P,适用于学龄前儿童)的摘要测量孩子们)。
这些分数是原始分数的线性变换(平均值 = 50,标准差 = 10),其中较高的 T 分数表明孩子的组织和自我调节能力较低。
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12个月
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Go-No-Go (GNG) 信号检测参数 D-prime (d') 从基线更改为 12 个月。
大体时间:12个月
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通过跟踪对目标(鱼)的准确响应和对非目标(鲨鱼)的误报响应来评估组合 Go-No-Go (GNG)/连续性能测试 (CPT) 任务的性能。
d' 是针对任务的两个部分计算的,作为对做出正确检测的准确性的评估,并根据参与者对非目标做出反应的倾向进行调整。
调整后的测量值是通过从正确检测的 Z 分数中减去误报响应的 Z 分数来计算的。
个人 Z 分数基于相同年龄组(3-4 岁、5-6 岁和 >=7 岁)内儿童的表现。
各年龄组的 GNG 得分范围为 -0.53 至 3.99,CPT 得分范围为 -0.61 至 4.35。
分数越高反映出对目标与非目标的更好区分。
值 4.65 代表 100% 准确度,0 代表机会表现,负分代表非目标比目标更频繁地检测到,表明孩子误解了指令或更喜欢对非目标做出反应。
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12个月
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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NIH-Toolbox 9 孔钉板灵活性测试时间从基线更改为 12 个月
大体时间:12个月
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精细运动协调性通过孩子完成 NIH-Toolbox 9 孔钉板敏捷性测试所需的时间(以秒为单位)进行评估。
时间越短表明灵活性越高。
报告的值是惯用手和非惯用手得分的平均值。
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12个月
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儿童行为检查表 (CBCL) 摘要量表 T 分数从基线到 12 个月的变化
大体时间:12个月
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通过看护者报告的儿童行为检查表 (CBCL) 总体总分 T 分数从基线到 12 个月的变化来评估行为。
T 分数是原始分数的标准化转换(平均值 = 50,标准差 = 10),其中分数越高表示问题越大。
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12个月
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儿科睡眠问卷从基线到 12 个月的变化:睡眠相关呼吸障碍量表 (PSQ-SRBD) 总分。
大体时间:12个月
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PSQ-SRBD 量表是一份包含 22 项的问卷,其中包括三个子量表:打鼾、白天嗜睡和多动行为/注意力不集中。
PSQ-SRBD 通常用于评估儿科患者的睡眠呼吸障碍 (SDB) 风险,但也越来越多地用于评估症状负担。
分数越高,SDB 症状越严重,总范围为 0-1
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12个月
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通过针对儿童改良的 Epworth 嗜睡量表 (ESS) 总结评分的变化来衡量从基线到 12 个月的嗜睡变化。
大体时间:12个月
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Epworth 儿童改良嗜睡量表 (ESS) 是一份包含 8 项的经过验证的问卷,用于评估白天过度嗜睡。
措辞和问题在原ESS的基础上进行了修改,更加适合儿童。
总分范围为 0-24,数值越高表示困倦程度越高。
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12个月
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儿科生活质量量表 (PedsQL) 护理人员报告的总分和分量表从基线到 12 个月的变化。
大体时间:12个月
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由护理人员评估的一般生活质量报告 PedsQL 总分和分项(心理社会健康总结分数和身体健康总结分数)。
PedsQL 总分包括 4 个分量表的表现:情绪功能、社交功能、学校功能(由心理社会功能评分汇总)和身体功能(由身体功能评分汇总)。
所有量表的分数范围为 0 到 100,分数越高表明生活质量越高。
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12个月
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睡眠呼吸障碍 (OSA-18) 总分的生活质量调查评估从基线更改为 12 个月。
大体时间:12个月
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OSA-18 是一项针对特定疾病的生活质量调查,涵盖五个领域的症状:睡眠障碍、身体痛苦、情绪困扰、日间问题和父母/看护人的担忧。
使用李克特 7 分制量表,护理人员对 18 个 OSA 相关问题的感知频率进行评分,范围从 1(从来没有)到 7(一直)。
每个项目的分数相加得出 18 到 126 分之间的总分。
分数越高,睡眠呼吸障碍相关的 QOL 越差,分数大于或等于 60 表示睡眠呼吸障碍对 QOL 产生具有临床意义的负面影响
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12个月
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体重指数 (BMI) 百分位数从基线到 12 个月的变化
大体时间:12个月
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体重指数 (BMI) 百分位数,根据诊所内三次身高/体重测量值的平均值计算得出。
根据美国疾病控制与预防中心 (CDC) 年龄别 BMI 图表计算得出的百分位数。
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12个月
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平均收缩压和舒张压 (mmHg) 百分位数从基线到 12 个月的变化。
大体时间:12个月
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通过自动示波血压袖带测量三次血压平均值(至 1.0 mmHg)。
分别根据身高、年龄和性别计算百分位数(PMID:18230679)。
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12个月
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平均心率从基线到 12 个月的变化
大体时间:12个月
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根据夜间多导睡眠图计算出的平均心率(每分钟心跳次数)
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12个月
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合作者和调查者
合作者
调查人员
- 首席研究员:Susan L. Furth, MD, PhD、Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
- 首席研究员:Susan S Redline, MD, MPH、Brigham and Women's Hospital
- 首席研究员:Rui Wang, PhD、Brigham and Women's Hospital
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
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- Bang H, Robins JM. Doubly robust estimation in missing data and causal inference models. Biometrics. 2005 Dec;61(4):962-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00377.x.
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- Friedman NR, Perkins JN, McNair B, Mitchell RB. Current practice patterns for sleep-disordered breathing in children. Laryngoscope. 2013 Apr;123(4):1055-8. doi: 10.1002/lary.23709. Epub 2013 Feb 4.
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