右美托咪定-艾氯胺酮组合用于 ICU 患者的镇静和镇痛
右美托咪定-艾氯胺酮联合镇静镇痛对 ICU 机械通气患者谵妄的影响:一项多中心随机试验
研究概览
详细说明
患有呼吸衰竭或其他严重疾病的患者通常需要在重症监护室 (ICU) 进行无创或有创机械通气。 机械通气产生的不适刺激可能导致患者焦虑和烦躁,并产生不良后果,例如呼吸机不同步、耗氧量增加、应激反应、自行拔管和可能延长机械通气时间。 上述因素,加上ICU环境、基础疾病、治疗措施和痛苦的手术,往往会导致ICU患者的睡眠障碍。
机械通气、疼痛刺激和睡眠障碍是ICU患者发生谵妄的重要危险因素。 谵妄是一种急性发生的脑功能障碍综合征,其特征是注意力、认知和意识波动性障碍,据报道高达 80% 的 ICU 机械通气患者发生谵妄。 谵妄的发生与更糟糕的结果相关,包括机械通气持续时间延长、ICU和住院时间延长、医疗负担和费用增加、死亡风险升高,以及认知能力下降、生活质量下降和生存率下降等长期后遗症。
右美托咪定是一种高度选择性的α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂,具有镇静、镇痛和抗焦虑作用。 它通过激活内源性促睡眠途径发挥作用,诱导非快速动眼睡眠状态。 氯胺酮是一种非竞争性 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸 (NMDA) 受体拮抗剂。 Esketamine 是氯胺酮的更有效的对映体,对 NMDA 受体具有更高的亲和力,其效力大约是氯胺酮的两倍,且不良反应发生率较低。 右美托咪定和氯胺酮均被推荐用于 ICU 患者的镇静和镇痛。 然而,镇静剂量的右美托咪定与心动过缓和低血压有关。 即使低剂量的艾氯胺酮也会引起精神副作用,例如解离、幻觉和噩梦。
右美托咪定的镇静作用可以帮助减轻艾氯胺酮的精神副作用。 最近的研究表明,右美托咪定-艾氯胺酮组合可改善镇痛和睡眠质量,且不会增加精神副作用。 据推测,右美托咪定-艾氯胺酮组合用于 ICU 机械通气患者的镇静和镇痛可能会减少谵妄并改善呼吸恢复。
研究类型
注册 (估计的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习联系方式
- 姓名:Dong-Xin Wang, MD, PhD
- 电话号码:8610 83572784
- 邮箱:wangdongxin@hotmail.com
研究联系人备份
- 姓名:Xian Su, MD, PhD
- 电话号码:8610 83575138
- 邮箱:suxxxx@126.com
学习地点
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Beijing
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Beijing、Beijing、中国、100034
- Peking University First Hospital
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首席研究员:
- Dong-Xin Wang, MD, PhD
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接触:
- Dong-Xin Wang, MD, PhD
- 电话号码:8610 83572784
- 邮箱:wangdongxin@hotmail.com
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接触:
- Xian Su, MD, PhD
- 电话号码:8610 83575138
- 邮箱:suxxxx@126.com
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Beijing、Beijing、中国、102206
- Peking University International Hospital
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接触:
- Gang Li, MD
- 电话号码:+86 13521809822
- 邮箱:ligang@pkuih.edu.cn
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接触:
- Hong-Xun Yuan, MD
- 电话号码:+86 13601199951
- 邮箱:yuanhongxun@pkuih.edu.cn
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Tianjin
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Tianjin、Tianjin、中国、300052
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital
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接触:
- Ke-Liang Xie, MD
- 电话号码:+86 15332112099
- 邮箱:xiekeliang2009@hotmail.com
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 成人
- 年长者
接受健康志愿者
描述
纳入标准:
- 年龄≥18岁;
- 在 ICU 接受有创或无创机械通气,预计持续时间≥24 小时;
- 根据 ICU 医生的判断,需要镇静。
排除标准:
- 孕妇或哺乳期妇女;
- 有精神分裂症、癫痫、帕金森病或重症肌无力病史;
- 在有创/无创机械通气前因昏迷、严重痴呆或语言障碍而无法沟通;
- 中风、缺氧性脑病、脑外伤或神经外科手术后;
- 合并甲状腺功能亢进症或嗜铬细胞瘤;
- 左心室射血分数<30%、病态窦房结综合征、严重窦性心动过缓(心率<50 bpm)、无起搏器的二度或以上房室传导阻滞,或尽管使用血管加压药但收缩压<90 mmHg;
- 严重肝功能障碍(Child-Pugh C级)、严重肾功能障碍(需要透析)或预期生存≤24小时;
- 对右美托咪定和/或艾氯胺酮过敏,或任何其他被认为不适合参与研究的情况。
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 主要用途:预防
- 分配:随机化
- 介入模型:并行分配
- 屏蔽:四人间
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
|---|---|
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实验性的:右美托咪定-艾氯胺酮组合
右美托咪定-艾氯胺酮组合可提供长达 14 天的镇静-镇痛,或直至从 ICU 出院。
该制剂由右美托咪定200μg/2ml和艾氯胺酮100mg/4ml组成,用生理盐水稀释至总体积50ml,得到右美托咪定浓度4μg/ml和艾氯胺酮浓度2mg/ml。
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对于有创通气患者,夜间镇静(20:00-06:00),初始输注速度为[0.05×kg] ml/h,每10 min增加[0.025×kg] ml/h,直至里士满激动镇静量表(RASS)达到-2至-1,最大输注速度达到[0.175×kg]ml/h,或出现不良反应。 当 ICU 医生认为有必要时,按上述方式提供日间镇静(06:00-20:00),目标 RASS 评分为 -2 至 +1。 对于无创通气(包括高流量鼻氧合)或无辅助通气的患者,给予夜间镇静(20:00-06:00),初始输注速度为[0.0125×kg]ml/h,并增加每10 min增加[0.0125×kg] ml/h,直至RASS达到-1,最大输注速度达到[0.05×kg] ml/h,否则出现不良反应。 通常不需要白天镇静(06:00-20:00),但在 ICU 医生认为有必要时提供,目标 RASS 评分为 -1 至 +1。
其他名称:
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有源比较器:右美托咪定
使用右美托咪定提供长达 14 天的镇静-镇痛,或直至从 ICU 出院。
该制剂由右美托咪定200μg/2ml组成,用生理盐水稀释至总体积为50ml,导致右美托咪定浓度为4μg/ml。
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对于有创通气患者,夜间镇静(20:00-06:00),初始输注速度为[0.05×kg] ml/h,每10 min增加[0.025×kg] ml/h,直至里士满激动镇静量表(RASS)达到-2至-1,最大输注速度达到[0.175×kg]ml/h,或出现不良反应。 当 ICU 医生认为有必要时,按上述方式提供日间镇静(06:00-20:00),目标 RASS 评分为 -2 至 +1。 对于无创通气(包括高流量鼻氧合)或无辅助通气的患者,给予夜间镇静(20:00-06:00),初始输注速度为[0.0125×kg]ml/h,并增加每10 min增加[0.0125×kg] ml/h,直至RASS达到-1,最大输注速度达到[0.05×kg] ml/h,否则出现不良反应。 通常不需要白天镇静(06:00-20:00),但在 ICU 医生认为有必要时提供,目标 RASS 评分为 -1 至 +1。
其他名称:
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研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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7天内谵妄发生率
大体时间:注册后最多 7 天
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在入组后 7 天内或直至入院前,每天使用重症监护病房混乱评估方法 (CAM-ICU) 评估谵妄两次,或使用混乱评估方法 (3D-CAM) 进行谵妄 3 分钟诊断评估释放。
在任何时间点谵妄评估的阳性结果被定义为发生谵妄。
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注册后最多 7 天
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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30天内无呼吸机天数
大体时间:注册后最多 30 天
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机械通气包括有创通气和无创通气,但不包括高流量鼻氧合。
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注册后最多 30 天
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入住 ICU 的时间
大体时间:注册后最多 30 天
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在 ICU 的停留时间。
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注册后最多 30 天
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30 天全因死亡率
大体时间:注册后最多 30 天
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30 天全因死亡率。
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注册后最多 30 天
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没有谵妄的存活天数或在 7 天内出现
大体时间:注册后最多 7 天
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每天两次使用重症监护病房混乱评估方法 (CAM-ICU) 评估谵妄,或使用混乱评估方法 (3D-CAM) 进行谵妄 3 分钟诊断评估。
昏迷被定义为里士满激动镇静量表(分数范围从 -5 [无法唤醒] 到 +4 [好斗],0 表示警觉和平静)为 -4 或 -5。
任何时间点的阳性结果定义为出现谵妄或昏迷。
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注册后最多 7 天
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其他结果措施
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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入组后住院时间
大体时间:注册后最多 30 天
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入组后住院时间。
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注册后最多 30 天
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30天内主要并发症的发生率
大体时间:注册后最多 30 天
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主要并发症被定义为除谵妄之外的新发医疗状况,被认为是有害的且需要治疗干预,即 Clavien-Dindo 分类中的 II 级或更高级别。
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注册后最多 30 天
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30天后的生活质量
大体时间:入学后30天
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生活质量通过世界卫生组织生活质量简明版 (WHOQOL-BREF) 进行评估,这是一份包含 24 项的调查问卷,评估身体、心理、社会关系以及环境领域的生活质量。
每个域的得分范围为 0 到 100,得分越高表示功能越好。
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入学后30天
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无谵妄的患者比例
大体时间:注册后最多 7 天
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在入组后 7 天内或直至入院前,每天使用重症监护病房混乱评估方法 (CAM-ICU) 评估谵妄两次,或使用混乱评估方法 (3D-CAM) 进行谵妄 3 分钟诊断评估释放。
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注册后最多 7 天
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无谵妄或昏迷的患者比例
大体时间:注册后最多 7 天
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每天两次使用重症监护病房混乱评估方法 (CAM-ICU) 评估谵妄,或使用混乱评估方法 (3D-CAM) 进行谵妄 3 分钟诊断评估。
昏迷被定义为里士满激动镇静量表(分数范围从 -5 [无法唤醒] 到 +4 [好斗],0 表示警觉和平静)为 -4 或 -5。
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注册后最多 7 天
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30 天时认知功能障碍的发生率
大体时间:入学后30天
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认知功能采用蒙特利尔认知评估电话版(T-MoCA;分数范围为0至22,分数越高表明认知功能越好)进行评估。
较基线下降 1 个标准差 (SD) 或更多被定义为存在认知功能障碍。
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入学后30天
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合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 首席研究员:Dong-Xin Wang, MD, PhD、Peking University First Hospital
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
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