针对护理学生通过模拟减少体重偏见的干预研究:BRAVE研究
BRAVE研究:利用模拟对护理学生进行敏感性干预
研究概览
详细说明
长期证据表明,医护人员的偏见对患者的不良预后产生了有害影响。 护士群体中的体重偏见是一个研究不足的概念,它导致肥胖人群的发病率和死亡率增加。 具体而言,研究表明,持有体重偏见的护士:1) 假定患者的症状与肥胖有关,而不进一步探究根本原因;2) 更不愿意进行预防性健康筛查(如盆腔检查、癌症筛查和乳腺X光检查);3) 在就诊过程中与患者互动的时间更少。所有这些都导致患者回避医护人员,可能造成难以记住或遵循医嘱,并避免未来的预防性护理就诊。
鉴于美国肥胖率的不断上升,迫切需要努力改善为这一人群提供护理的护士的服务质量,以阻止可预防的健康后果(如糖尿病、心脏病)。 我们之前的研究表明,在临床课程中实施体重偏见减少(WBR)干预后,护生对肥胖个体的态度和信念有了显著改善。 然而,仍存在以下空白:1) WBR干预能否转化为临床实践中的行为改变,并显著减少患者所经历的体重偏见;2) 这些改变能否长期持续。 为填补这些空白,拟议的BRAVE(通过尊重和接纳每个人建立尊重,WBR干预)将基于我们之前的研究,纳入沟通技巧和共情能力教育,并利用与标准化肥胖参与者的模拟互动。
本研究设计为一项整群随机对照试验,比较BRAVE与SOL(标准肥胖讲座)在减少护生(n = 368)体重偏见方面的效果,并将包括随访测量,以评估干预一年后的持续效果。 此外,BRAVE干预的广泛影响可以改善长期健康结果,并有可能提高患者在医疗系统中的满意度。
目标1:比较BRAVE组与SOL组在基线至干预后3个月期间,态度、信念和临床沟通行为变化的有效性。
假设1:与SOL组相比,BRAVE组在基线和干预后3个月比较时,态度、信念和临床沟通行为将显示出统计学上显著更大的改善。
- 态度将通过“对较高体重者态度(ATOP-HW)”问卷得分测量。
- 信念将通过“对肥胖者信念(BAOP)”问卷得分测量。
- 临床沟通行为将通过SE-12、WSI和SEGUE得分测量。
目标2:评估BRAVE组与SOL组之间态度、信念和临床沟通行为的变化是否能在一年期内持续。
假设2:与SOL组相比,BRAVE组在干预后一年从第2次到第3次评估时,对肥胖的态度、信念和临床沟通行为将保持统计学上显著的改善。
态度将通过“对较高体重者态度(ATOP-HW)”问卷得分测量。
信念将通过“对肥胖者信念(BAOP)”问卷得分测量。
临床沟通行为(自我效能)将通过SE-12得分测量。
研究类型
注册 (估计的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习联系方式
- 姓名:Tracy L. Oliver, PhD, RDN, LDN
- 电话号码:610-519-4917
- 邮箱:tracy.oliver@villanova.edu
学习地点
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Pennsylvania
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Villanova、Pennsylvania、美国、19085-1603
- 招聘中
- Villanova University
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接触:
- Tracy Oliver, PhD, RDN, LDN
- 电话号码:610-519-4917
- 邮箱:tracy.oliver@villanova.edu
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接触:
- Bette Mariani, PhD, RN, ANEF, FAAN
- 电话号码:610-519-4933
- 邮箱:Bette.Mariani@villanova.edu
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首席研究员:
- Tracy L Oliver, PhD, RDN, LDN
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副研究员:
- Gail Furman, PhD, RN, CHSE - A
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副研究员:
- Bette Mariani, PhD, RN, ANEF, FAAN
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副研究员:
- Margaret Brace, PhD
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副研究员:
- Rebecca Shenkman, MPH, RDN, LDN
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副研究员:
- Lisa Diewald, MS, RDN, LDN
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 成人
接受健康志愿者
描述
纳入标准:
- 年龄在18-25岁之间的护理学生
- 处于传统或FLEX BSN本科课程(指定护理课程)第二或第四年的护理学生
排除标准:
- 非护理专业学生
- 未按正常课程顺序修读课程的护理学生
- 非传统本科年龄段(18-25岁)的护理学生
- 拒绝同意的学生
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 主要用途:治疗
- 分配:随机化
- 介入模型:并行分配
- 屏蔽:单身的
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
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实验性的:BRAVE干预
BRAVE(通过重视每个人来建立尊重与接纳)。
参与者将接受两次30分钟的模拟患者互动:一次在基线时(体重偏见或肥胖演示之前),一次在初始教育后的1.5个月。
模拟互动将包括体重较高的模拟患者,并强调在临床环境中防止体重偏见的沟通技巧。
BRAVE组将包含两个侧重于减少医疗保健中体重偏见的教育环节。
两次BRAVE模拟患者互动都将提供定制的“有意义学习复盘”环节,专注于减少体重偏见。
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除了两次模拟互动外,BRAVE组还将包括一个初始的一小时教育讲座,内容涵盖医疗保健中的体重偏见;体重偏见的普遍性及其对健康/医疗保健的影响、影响肥胖的因素、以敏感和同理心与患者进行体重相关讨论的方法,以及有效的沟通策略。
还将教授临床沟通行为,例如请求许可、使用非污名化语言,以及与患者进行无偏见的体重相关讨论。
他们还将通过角色扮演和案例研究场景来整合和实践这些沟通策略。
在第二次模拟和DML之后,BRAVE组的学生将继续参与体重偏见减少教育,包括动机性访谈、共享决策和体重管理对话等概念,以预防临床环境中的体重偏见。
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安慰剂比较:SOL
SOL(标准肥胖讲座)。
对照组将接受两次标准肥胖讲座和两次与体重较高的标准化患者的模拟接触。
对照条件包括两次会议,每次会议都包括一小时的肥胖主题演讲。
两次模拟后都将进行标准的有意义学习汇报环节,但这些环节将仅关注肥胖的医疗状况和风险因素,不会提供关于沟通技巧的反馈。
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SOL:(标准肥胖讲座)SOL组教育将包括关于肥胖作为一种疾病的介绍,其患病率、原因、健康风险、心理和社会经济影响,以及标准肥胖评估。
在第二次模拟之后,SOL组的学生将参与标准肥胖教育的延续,以建立在第一节课程中的概念。
第二次介绍将是对临床实践中体重管理的回顾。
阅读材料将侧重于肥胖的医学后果,以及肥胖的经济成本。
两个有意义学习的汇报部分都将侧重于疾病本身,不包括肥胖或体重的组成部分。
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研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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对较高体重人群的态度 (ATOP-HW)
大体时间:基线至3个月
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估计平均变化分数。ATOP-HW 是一个包含 20 个项目的李克特评定量表,重点关注对肥胖人群的认知和态度。
分数越高,反映对肥胖人群的态度越积极。
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基线至3个月
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肥胖者信念量表 (BAOP)
大体时间:基线至3个月
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BAOP是一个包含八个项目的李克特评分量表,用于评估对肥胖成因的信念。
每个问题要求个人表明对特定陈述(例如“肥胖实际上是由缺乏意志力引起的”)的同意或不同意程度(+3至-3)。
较高的分数表示认为肥胖是不可控制的信念。
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基线至3个月
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SE-12(自我效能)量表
大体时间:基线至3个月
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SE-12 是一份包含 12 个项目的问卷,用于评估临床医生在临床沟通中的自我效能。
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基线至3个月
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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SEGUE 框架
大体时间:基线和3个月
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SEGUE清单是一个有效且可靠的清单,旨在用于各种环境中,以教导、评估和改善与医疗提供者的沟通技巧。SEGUE首字母缩略词代表设定场景、获取信息、提供信息、理解患者视角和结束会面。
SEGUE包括一个包含25个项目的二分制清单,用于评估任务是否完成。
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基线和3个月
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体重敏感性评估工具(WSI)
大体时间:基线和3个月
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WSI是一份包含15个项目的清单,用于评估物理评估技能、患者心理安全及治疗期间体重敏感性的各个方面。
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基线和3个月
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对较高体重者态度问卷(ATOP-HW)
大体时间:基线至1年;3个月至1年
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ATOP-HW 是一份包含 20 个项目的李克特评分量表,主要关注对肥胖人群的看法和态度。
得分越高表明对肥胖人群的态度越积极。
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基线至1年;3个月至1年
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关于肥胖人士信念量表 (BAOP)
大体时间:基线至1年;3个月至1年
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BAOP是一个包含八个项目的Likert评分量表,用于评估对肥胖成因的信念。
每个问题要求个人对特定陈述(例如“肥胖实际上是由缺乏意志力引起的”)表示同意或不同意的程度(从+3到-3)。
得分越高表明认为肥胖是不可控制的信念越强
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基线至1年;3个月至1年
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SE-12(自我效能)问卷
大体时间:基线至1年;3个月至1年
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SE-12 是一份包含 12 个项目的问卷,用于评估临床医生在临床沟通中的自我效能。
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基线至1年;3个月至1年
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合作者和调查者
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
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