针对土耳其年轻女性的压力管理干预

This arm will receieve Self-Help Plus (SH+) intervention, which is a five-session stress management program developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The program is designed to be administered in a group format for maximum of 30 participants. Facilitators are not required to be mental health professionals. The best way to implement the program is to train non-specialists from the local communities where it will be delivered. These community members may become facilitators following a brief training. The program is composed of listening to pre-recorded audios along with some group discussions moderated by the facilitators.

Self-Help Plus (SH+): SH+ is a five-session stress management program developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). The program is designed to be administered in a group format for maximum of 30 participants. Facilitators are not required to be mental health professionals. The best way to implement the program is to train non-specialists from the local communities where it will be delivered. These community members may become facilitators following a brief training. The program is composed of listening to pre-recorded audios along with some group discussions moderated by the facilitators.

Participants in this no intervention group will serve as the control group. Upon the completion of the study (after 3 months follow-up assessments), participants in this group will also receive the same intervention to ensure ethical considerations and promote equity.

Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a 10-item questionnaire that aims to measure psychological distress symptoms. Each of the 10 items are scored on a scale of 5 points (1 = "none of the time" to 5= "all of the time"), providing a total score between 10 and 50. Higher scores indicate higher levels of psychological distress. A Turkish version is available and will be used in the current study.

PHQ-9 is a self-report measure including 9 items that aims to measure the severity of depression symptoms. Each of the 9 items are scored on a 4 point scale (0 = "not at all," to 3= "nearly every day"), providing scores between 0 and 27. Higher scores indicate higher level of depressive symptoms that are related with decreased functional status and increased symptom-related difficulties. Turkish version of the PHQ-9 will be used in the current study.

GAD-7 is a self-report questionnaire that includes 7 items to measure anxiety symptoms. Each item is scored on a 4 point scale (0 = "not at all," to 3= "nearly every day"), providing scores between 0 and 21. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. A Turkish version is available, and will be used in the current study.

Developed by WHO to measure subjective well-being (e.g., calmness and cheerfulness), the WHO-5 consists of a total of 5 questions answered on a 6-point Likert scale (0 = "at no time," to 5 = "all of the time"). Total scores range from zero to 25, higher scores indicating better well-being. The raw total scores are multiplied by four, to generate percentage scores between 0 and 100; percentage scores below 50 are considered to indicate poor mental well-being. The Turkish version will be used in the current study.

GSES is a self-report measure designed to assess the perceived sense of self-efficacy. The scale consists of 10 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 = "not at all true" to 4 = "exactly true"), yielding total scores ranging from 10 to 40. Higher scores indicate higher sense of self-efficacy. The Turkish version will be used in the current study.