外源性酮体补充在ICU谵妄中的应用 (KETONES-ICU)
重症监护室谵妄外源性酮酯补充(KETONES ICU)
研究概览
详细说明
谵妄是一种普遍的神经精神综合征,以注意力、认知和意识的急性障碍为特征。它与显著的发病率、死亡率和医疗支出相关。近期研究提供了支持脑代谢与谵妄之间联系的证据。在全身性炎症增强的状态下,如败血症或创伤,大脑经历能量供应与需求之间的不匹配,这通常与谵妄相关,尤其是在已有认知障碍的患者中。
在危重病患者中,线粒体功能障碍发生在全身性炎症的背景下,导致血脑屏障通透性增加和神经炎症。其下游后果是小胶质细胞活化,通过释放促炎细胞因子放大炎症反应。由此产生的线粒体功能障碍导致氧化磷酸化受损、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)生成减少和活性氧生成增加。作为对全身性炎症的反应,小胶质细胞转变为以有氧糖酵解增强为特征的促炎表型。这种代谢重编程耗竭了神经元的葡萄糖可用性,加剧了脑能量不足。新出现的证据表明,活化的小胶质细胞在炎症期间与神经元竞争代谢底物。活化的小胶质细胞表现出代谢灵活性,转向增强糖酵解以满足其升高的能量和生物合成需求。这种营养竞争加剧了神经元能量不足并增加代谢应激。研究者假设这种脑能量不足导致了谵妄特有的认知和神经症状。
酮体,如β-羟基丁酸,是葡萄糖不可用时大脑的次要能量来源。在跨血脑屏障转运后,β-羟基丁酸被代谢为乙酰辅酶A,从而直接进入三羧酸循环,绕过糖酵解瓶颈,产生ATP。除了作为ATP生成的底物外,酮体还支持线粒体功能、限制氧化应激并减少神经炎症。酮体在营养竞争环境中提供双重治疗优势。它们不仅通过绕过受损的糖酵解支持神经元氧化磷酸化,还促进抗炎小胶质细胞表型、抑制炎症小体活化并支持代谢重编程。这种双重效应进一步减少了小胶质细胞的葡萄糖需求,增强了神经元底物可用性。
研究者提出一项前瞻性、随机、安慰剂对照的试点研究,在40名危重病患者中施用外源性酮酯补充剂,以评估这种新型干预措施的安全性和可行性,并生成关于其在减少ICU谵妄方面疗效的初步数据,通过无谵妄和昏迷天数(DCFDs)测量。外源性酮体已被证明支持脑能量代谢并减少神经炎症,直接靶向与谵妄发展相关的通路。通过减少谵妄持续时间或预防其发生,这项研究有潜力改善ICU幸存者的长期认知结局。研究者提议在ICU入院时招募成年患者,随机分配至肠内酮酯治疗组或口味、体积和热量匹配的含葡萄糖安慰剂组。研究药物或安慰剂将在入组时、ICU入院24小时内及此后每6小时施用一次,最多持续7天,直至ICU出院或死亡(以先发生者为准)。酮体施用将在谵妄诊断后继续。根据先前研究,β-羟基丁酸的初始剂量将为25克;然而,后续剂量将调整以维持血清β-羟基丁酸水平在1.5至3.5 mM之间,并协议化监测生命体征、血清pH值、葡萄糖水平和胃肠道不良反应。谵妄将使用ICU意识模糊评估方法(CAM-ICU)谵妄筛查工具进行评估,每日两次,持续7天。
这项试点研究将评估危重病患者口服外源性酮体补充剂的可行性、安全性和耐受性。目标是证明酮体施用耐受性良好,无显著安全问题,与先前证据一致,即口服酮体可安全施用,即使在脆弱患者群体中也是如此。该目标的成功完成将为ICU中酮体使用建立安全档案,这在为危重病患者采用这种新型疗法之前至关重要。研究者假设接受酮体的患者将比接受安慰剂的患者拥有更多DCFDs。研究者还将通过连续测量外周炎症介质血清水平、代谢应激测定、β-羟基丁酸水平和中枢神经系统(CNS)损伤标志物,对酮体治疗的生物学影响进行探索性分析,检查与谵妄和酮体代谢相关的生物标志物。
酮体为谵妄提供了一种有前景的新型治疗选择。通过靶向与谵妄相关的潜在神经代谢和神经炎症变化,它们支持能量产生、减少氧化应激并调节炎症。已有认知障碍的患者,如轻度认知障碍或阿尔茨海默痴呆患者,由于脑葡萄糖代谢受损,表现出基线脑能量缺口。这种慢性能量不足增加了衰老大脑对谵妄的易感性。此外,在已有认知障碍患者中,谵妄的神经代谢后果加剧了脑能量缺口,加速认知衰退。口服酮酯后酮症的安全性和耐受性以及快速诱导,加上上述有益效应,表明这可能是一种可在ICU入院时启动的疗法,作为高危患者的潜在预防措施。酮体有潜力改变谵妄管理并改善患者护理;然而,需要进行这项临床试验来评估口服酮酯补充剂在减少危重病患者谵妄发生率、严重程度和持续时间方面的安全性和疗效。
研究类型
注册 (估计的)
阶段
- 阶段2
联系人和位置
学习联系方式
- 姓名:Ryan J Smith, MD, JD
- 电话号码:(602) 538-5003
- 邮箱:ryan.j.smith@vumc.org
研究联系人备份
- 姓名:Rebecca Abel, MA
- 电话号码:6158753763
- 邮箱:wes.ely@vumc.org
学习地点
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Tennessee
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Nashville、Tennessee、美国、37232
- 招聘中
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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接触:
- Ryan J Smith, MD, JD
- 电话号码:+1 (602) 5385003
- 邮箱:ryan.j.smith@vumc.org
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 成人
- 年长者
接受健康志愿者
描述
纳入标准:
- 入住内科重症监护病房的成年患者(≥18岁)。
- 当前入住ICU且预计ICU住院时间≥24小时。
- 已建立肠内通路、计划放置肠内通路或适宜口服摄入,并能在入组后24小时内接受肠内给药。
- 入组时能够完成谵妄评估(可行CAM-ICU)。
排除标准:
- 入组时存在严重代谢性酸中毒:血气pH<7.20或碳酸氢盐<8 mmol/L。
- ICU入院诊断为糖尿病酮症酸中毒或任何酮症酸中毒状态导致的高酮血症。
- ICU入院诊断为低血糖或血糖<60 mg/dL。
- 有1型糖尿病病史的患者。
- 血红蛋白<7.0。
- 入组时已开始或预计需要透析的肾衰竭(连续肾脏替代治疗或间歇性血液透析)。
- 暴发性肝衰竭或AST/ALT>5×正常值上限或总胆红素>3 mg/dL。
- 难治性休克(定义为去甲肾上腺素剂量≥20 µg/min或使用第二种血管加压药物)。
- 妊娠(筛查时尿/血清hCG阳性或已知妊娠)。
- 未控制的肠梗阻或胃肠道状况(如消化道出血)阻碍肠内给药。
- 过去7天内使用过SGLT2抑制剂。
- 过去7天内使用过或计划使用ADH/ALDH抑制剂(如甲吡唑、双硫仑)。
- 严重痴呆或神经退行性疾病,定义为基线时导致患者无法独立生活的障碍,或由合格代理人测得的IQCODE>4.5。此排除标准还包括需要长期住院的精神疾病、获得性或先天性智力障碍、严重神经肌肉疾病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病。同时排除因结构性脑部疾病(如卒中、颅内出血、颅脑外伤、恶性肿瘤、缺氧性脑损伤或脑水肿)导致严重功能缺损的患者。
- 医疗团队决定针对苯二氮䓬类药物依赖或酒精依赖制定特定治疗计划(持续输注或间歇静脉推注苯二氮䓬类药物)的情况。
- 本次ICU住院期间正在使用静脉苯二氮䓬类药物治疗的癫痫发作。
- 预计入组后24小时内死亡,或家属/医疗团队无积极治疗意愿(例如可能在筛查后24小时内撤除生命支持措施)。
- 仅因术后监测或频繁神经评估入住ICU。
- 被监禁状态。
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 主要用途:治疗
- 分配:随机化
- 介入模型:并行分配
- 屏蔽:四人间
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
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安慰剂比较:安慰剂
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安慰剂由74毫升50%葡萄糖水溶液(D50W)加上50毫克蔗糖八乙酸酯(用于口味匹配)组成;按照与实验组相同的方案进行肠内给药(口服/饲管)。
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实验性的:酮单酯
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酮单酯用水稀释至总体积为74毫升,并通过肠内途径(口服/饲管)给药。
给药方案遵循协议,初始剂量为25克,随后根据血清β-羟基丁酸水平进行剂量滴定,以将血清β-羟基丁酸维持在预设范围内,每6小时给药一次,最长持续7天(或直至ICU出院或死亡,以先发生者为准)。
其他名称:
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研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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Mean composite Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit-7 (CAM-ICU-7) delirium severity score
大体时间:From enrollment through study day 7.
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Delirium severity will be assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit-7 (CAM-ICU-7) delirium severity scale.
The CAM-ICU-7 score ranges from 0 to 7, with higher scores indicating more severe delirium.
A composite CAM-ICU-7 delirium severity score will be calculated for each participant by summing all available CAM-ICU-7 scores from enrollment through study day 7.
The primary outcome will compare the mean composite CAM-ICU-7 delirium severity score between treatment arms.
A clinically meaningful treatment effect is defined as a 25% lower mean composite CAM-ICU-7 score in the intervention arm compared with the control arm.
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From enrollment through study day 7.
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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可行性:完成计划中给药后血清β-羟基丁酸酯检测的比例
大体时间:从入组至研究第7天或ICU出院。
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将计算和总结在给药期间成功收集的预定每日给药后血清β-羟基丁酸酯抽血的比例。
可行性表现将相对于≥80%完成率的目标进行总结。
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从入组至研究第7天或ICU出院。
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Feasibility: Proportion of participants achieving target peak serum β-hydroxybutyrate (1.5-3.5 mmol/L) on at least 50% of dosing days
大体时间:From enrollment through study day 7 or ICU discharge.
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Peak serum β-hydroxybutyrate will be measured once daily using a post-dose blood draw collected 60-90 minutes after the morning ketone dose.
A dosing day will be considered evaluable if a valid post-dose serum β-hydroxybutyrate measurement is obtained.
A dosing day will be considered within target range if the post-dose serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration is 1.5-3.5 mmol/L.
This feasibility outcome is the proportion of ketone-group participants with post-dose serum β-hydroxybutyrate within the target range on at least 50% of evaluable dosing days.
Feasibility will be considered met if at least 70% of ketone-group participants meet this criterion.
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From enrollment through study day 7 or ICU discharge.
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Feasibility: Proportion of post-dose serum β-hydroxybutyrate measurements >4.0 mmol/L
大体时间:From enrollment through study day 7 or ICU discharge.
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In participants assigned to the ketone group, the proportion of valid daily post-dose serum β-hydroxybutyrate measurements greater than 4.0 mmol/L will be calculated during the dosing period.
Performance will be summarized relative to a target of fewer than 10% of post-dose measurements greater than 4.0 mmol/L.
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From enrollment through study day 7 or ICU discharge.
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Safety and tolerability: Number of participants with ≥1 prespecified safety or tolerability event
大体时间:From enrollment through study day 7.
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A prespecified safety or tolerability event is defined as any of the following occurring from enrollment through study day 7: acid-base abnormality (blood gas pH <7.20 or serum bicarbonate <8 mmol/L), off-target hyperketonemia (peak serum β-hydroxybutyrate >3.5 mmol/L despite dose reduction), hypoglycemia (<60 mg/dL), renal or hepatic safety signal (new dialysis initiation; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >5× upper limit of normal, or total bilirubin >3 mg/dL without alternative explanation), or hemodynamic instability temporally related to dosing.
Gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping) will be reported separately as tolerability adverse events.
The outcome will be summarized as the proportion of participants with ≥1 prespecified event by treatment arm.
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From enrollment through study day 7.
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Feasibility: Adherence to ketone dose-titration algorithm
大体时间:From enrollment through study day 7 or ICU discharge.
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In those participants assigned to the treatment group, adherence will be defined as the proportion of dosing decisions during the dosing period that follow the prespecified dose-titration algorithm based on post-dose serum β-hydroxybutyrate results and protocol-defined dose adjustment rules.
Adherence will be summarized relative to a target of ≥80%.
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From enrollment through study day 7 or ICU discharge.
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Delirium- and coma-free days (DCFDs) through study day 7
大体时间:From enrollment through study day 7.
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Delirium- and coma-free days (DCFDs) is defined as the number of days from enrollment through study day 7 during which participants are alive and free of both delirium and coma.
Delirium is defined as any positive assessment on the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) administered twice daily while participants remain in the intensive care unit.
Coma is defined as a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale score of -4 or -5, or an equivalent protocol-defined coma assessment.
Days after ICU discharge will be counted as delirium- and coma-free if the participant is alive.
Days after death will be counted as not delirium- and coma-free.
Delirium- and coma-free days will be summarized by treatment arm.
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From enrollment through study day 7.
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Peak serum beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration following dosing
大体时间:From enrollment through study day 7 or ICU discharge.
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Post-dose serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration will be measured once daily using a blood draw collected 60-90 minutes after the morning dose.
For each participant, the mean post-dose serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration during the dosing period will be calculated and reported in mmol/L by treatment arm.
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From enrollment through study day 7 or ICU discharge.
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其他结果措施
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)浓度相对于基线的变化
大体时间:从入组至研究第7天。
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血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)浓度将在基线及研究第1、3、5和7天进行测量,并按治疗组报告相对于基线的变化。
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从入组至研究第7天。
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血清白细胞介素-6 (IL-6) 浓度相对于基线的变化
大体时间:从入组至研究第7天。
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血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)浓度将在基线以及研究第1、3、5和7天进行测量,并按治疗组报告与基线相比的变化。
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从入组至研究第7天。
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血清白细胞介素-8 (IL-8) 浓度相对于基线的变化
大体时间:从入组至研究第7天。
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将在基线和研究第1、3、5、7天测量血清白细胞介素-8(IL-8)浓度,并按治疗组报告相对于基线的变化。
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从入组至研究第7天。
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血清白介素-10 (IL-10) 浓度相对于基线的变化
大体时间:从入组至研究第7天。
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血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)浓度将在基线时以及研究第1、3、5和7天进行测量,并按治疗组报告相对于基线的变化。
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从入组至研究第7天。
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血清白细胞介素-18 (IL-18) 浓度相对于基线的变化
大体时间:从入组至研究第7天。
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血清白介素-18 (IL-18) 浓度将在基线及研究第1、3、5、7天进行测量,并按治疗组报告相对于基线的变化。
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从入组至研究第7天。
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血清C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度相对于基线的变化
大体时间:从入组至研究第7天。
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将在基线和研究第1、3、5和7天测量血清C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度,并按治疗组报告相对于基线的变化。
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从入组至研究第7天。
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血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 (MCP-1) 浓度相对于基线的变化
大体时间:从入组至研究第7天。
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血清单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)浓度将在基线和研究第1、3、5、7天进行测量,并按治疗组报告相对于基线的变化。
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从入组至研究第7天。
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血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)浓度较基线的变化
大体时间:从入组至研究第7天。
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血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)浓度将在基线和研究第1、3、5、7天进行测量,并按治疗组报告相对于基线的变化。
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从入组至研究第7天。
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血清神经丝轻链(NfL)浓度相对于基线的变化
大体时间:从入组至研究第7天。
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将在基线和研究第1、3、5和7天测量血清神经丝轻链(NfL)浓度,并按治疗组报告相对于基线的变化。
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从入组至研究第7天。
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血清胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP) 浓度相对于基线的变化
大体时间:从入组到研究第7天。
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将在基线和研究第1、3、5、7天测量血清胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)浓度,并按治疗组报告相对于基线的变化。
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从入组到研究第7天。
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血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)浓度相对于基线的变化
大体时间:从入组至研究第7天。
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将在基线时和研究第1、3、5、7天测量血清脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)浓度,并按治疗组报告相对于基线的变化。
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从入组至研究第7天。
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合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 研究主任:E. Wes Ely, MD, MPH、Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- 首席研究员:Ryan J Smith, MD, JD、Vanderbilt University Medical Center
出版物和有用的链接
一般刊物
- Fortier M, Castellano CA, Croteau E, Langlois F, Bocti C, St-Pierre V, Vandenberghe C, Bernier M, Roy M, Descoteaux M, Whittingstall K, Lepage M, Turcotte EE, Fulop T, Cunnane SC. A ketogenic drink improves brain energy and some measures of cognition in mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement. 2019 May;15(5):625-634. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.12.017. Epub 2019 Apr 23.
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