旨在加强颈部和肩胛骨肌肉的锻炼与电流应用对颈部神经受压症状的影响。
电肌肉刺激与主动运动和运动疗法同时应用于颈神经根病的效果:一项随机试验
颈椎神经根病(CR)是指由于颈椎神经根受压或受刺激导致的客观感觉和/或运动功能丧失(Woods & Hilibrand,2015年)。
患有颈椎神经根病的个体表现出颈部肌肉神经控制改变的迹象(Boudreau & Falla,2014年),这使得颈椎容易受到反作用力的影响(Falla等人,2004年)。
因此,物理治疗方案应主要侧重于改善颈部肌肉功能。
鉴于近期文献中电刺激肌肉和运动疗法显示出有希望的结果(Jang等人,2014年;Gross等人,2015年;Blomgren等人,2018年),本研究旨在探讨结合电刺激肌肉的运动疗法对颈部肌肉功能的影响,并观察肌肉控制是否对颈椎神经根病的症状有影响。
本研究为一项优效性随机试验,设有2个干预组,分配比例为1:1。将招募欧洲莱夫克大学医疗相关专业的50名学生,年龄在18至29岁之间,且被诊断为颈椎神经根病。
为评估颈部肌肉功能,将采用深部颈屈肌耐力时间(秒)和颈椎渐进性等惯性提升评分(公斤)。疼痛(数字评分量表0-10)和肌肉力量(等级0-5)将用于衡量对颈椎神经根病症状的影响。
所有治疗性运动处方参数,包括热身(深部颈屈肌训练)、强化(颈部和肩胛胸椎阻力训练)和整理活动(柔韧性训练),两组均相同:每次60分钟,每周2天(ACSM,2018年),持续6周(Woods & Hilibrand,2015年;Childress & Becker,2016年)。每位参与者总共将接受12次治疗。
关于干预细节,在“干预组1”中,参与者仅在物理治疗师监督下进行主动运动;而在“干预组2”中,作为强化方案的一部分,将在双侧肩胛区域应用电刺激肌肉。
研究概览
详细说明
颈椎神经根病(CR)是由于颈椎神经根受压或受刺激(Woods & Hilibrand,2015年),导致脊神经或其神经根轴突传导阻滞(IASP,2011年),从而客观丧失感觉和/或运动功能的一种疾病。 在70-75%的病例中,病因可归因于颈椎椎间孔受压,这是由于关节突关节的前后退行性改变、颈椎病和椎间盘高度降低所致(Carette & Fehlings,2005年;Radhakrishnan等人,1994年)。 CR最常见的临床表现包括感觉障碍(例如感觉异常)、运动异常(例如肌无力)以及颈部疼痛放射至手臂(Katsuura等人,2019年;Marco等人,2022年;Yousif等人,2025年)。
这是一种常见诊断,根据最新流行病学研究(Mansfield等人,2020年),其发病率在每1,000人中为0.832-1.79例,患病率在每1,000人中为1.21-5.8例。
研究发现,大学生颈部疼痛的发病率较高:48%-78%(Hanvold等人,2014年;Crawford等人,2018年)。 此外,大学生颈椎病的年增长率是50岁参与者的两倍(Zhao等人,2020年)。 大学生颈部疼痛的高发病率与繁重的学业负担和考试压力相关,这可能导致颈肩部变形以及软组织损伤(Algarni等人,2017年)。
在Gao等人(2023年)的荟萃分析中,对2287名大学生的年级差异对颈部疼痛的影响进行了分析。 结果显示,高年级学生出现颈部疼痛的概率和频率更高。 从现有文献综述可以看出,基于颈部疼痛的发病率,颈椎神经根病的发病潜力在更年轻的年龄阶段正在增加,这比Radhakrishnan等人(1994年)先前显示的峰值年龄50至54岁更早。 如果不及时治疗,CR可能因神经炎症和水肿、结构缺氧和缺血导致未来残疾和持续性功能障碍(Carette & Fehlings,2005年;Kim等人,2017年)。
然而,尽管病情严重且发病率增长迅速,但在保守治疗领域,即物理治疗选择方面,仍缺乏证据。 例如,Kroeling等人(2013年)显示,电肌肉刺激(EMS)作为颈椎松动和手法治疗的辅助手段,在治疗后、短期和中期随访中,对疼痛缓解、残疾和患者满意度没有显著影响。 此外,运动治疗(ET)也包括多种干预措施,通常与药物和其他治疗结合使用,这使得难以确定单一干预措施的效果(Liang等人,2013年)。
尽管如此,更近期的研究结果倾向于支持EMS在不同肌群上的应用,例如Kemmler等人(2021年)指出,EMS对股四头肌和躯干伸肌的肌力有显著影响;Lee等人(2023年)的类似随机对照试验也观察到EMS对上肢力量的显著影响。 此外,Jang等人(2014年)显示,神经肌肉电刺激(NMES)导致手部运动执行期间皮质激活减少,这表明NMES的应用可以提高大脑皮层在执行运动任务时的效率。
还应考虑到,在Gross等人(2015年)最近的系统综述中,针对深层颈屈肌、肩胛-胸部和上肢肌肉的单一ET在治疗后即刻直至长期随访中,对疼痛和功能有积极影响。 此外,有强有力证据表明,深层颈屈肌(DCF)训练对颈部神经肌肉协调性有效(Blomgren等人,2018年),因为它减少了浅层肌肉的过度激活(Brage等人,2015年)并改善了颈部肌肉的激活模式(Jull等人,2009年)。
值得一提的是,与健康成年人相比,CR患者的质心和压力中心前移显著较小(Lin等人,2021年),上斜方肌(Lin等人,2021年)、胸锁乳突肌和头夹肌在所有姿势扰动下的肌肉活动减少(Boudreau & Falla,2014年)。 这些发现表明颈部肌肉组织的神经控制发生改变(Boudreau & Falla,2014年),使颈椎易受反作用力的影响(Falla等人,2004年)。
因此,CR保守管理的物理治疗选择应主要侧重于改善颈部肌肉功能和神经肌肉控制。
鉴于EMS和ET的积极结果,值得从颈部肌肉功能的角度对两者进行研究。 因此,本研究将尝试做到这一点。
从现有文献来看,基于电肌肉刺激和自主肌肉收缩的训练,由于促进了额外肌纤维的募集,当叠加应用时,对不同肌群的肌力有积极影响(Koutedakis等人,1995年;Pailard等人,2005年;Barsi等人,2008年)。
然而,电刺激与运动叠加的效果尚未在CR患者中进行评估,这些患者存在不完全的中枢激活水平,可能从这种治疗中获益,以改善运动控制。 此外,根据Kisner等人(2018年),恢复颈-肩胛区域的肌肉平衡,有助于颈椎保持适当的中立排列,从而增加椎间孔面积,减少神经根受压,缓解颈椎神经根病症状。
因此,本研究旨在探讨电肌肉刺激结合运动疗法与单纯运动疗法对颈部肌肉功能的影响。 其次,比较两种治疗选择的效果。 最后,观察颈部肌肉功能的改善是否会对颈椎神经根病症状(如疼痛和运动缺陷)产生影响。
研究类型
注册 (实际的)
阶段
- 不适用
联系人和位置
学习地点
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Lefka、塞浦路斯
- European University of Lefke
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参与标准
资格标准
适合学习的年龄
- 成人
接受健康志愿者
描述
纳入标准:
- 学生必须在欧洲莱夫克大学医疗相关专业的本科最后两年或硕士课程中注册;
- 年龄18-29岁(Gao等人,2023);
- 颈部疼痛在数字评分量表(0-10)上至少为4分或更高;
- 症状持续时间为3个月<病程<6个月,即亚急性症状伴有慢性/稳定表现(Wong等人,2014);
- 具有以下一种或多种症状:单侧或双侧上肢肘部以下水平的感觉异常(Katsuura等人,2019);从颈部放射至肩部/手臂/肘部以下的疼痛(Katsuura等人,2019;Marco等人,2022;Yousif等人,2025);单侧或双侧上肢无力感、颈部和/或上胸部的僵硬和/或压痛和/或痛觉过敏;
- 根据神经学检查结果,由医生诊断为“颈椎神经根病”(Wong等人,2014;Iyer & Kim,2016;Yousif等人,2025):颈椎神经根病特异性激发试验阳性(Spurling手法(Rubinstein等人,2006)、上肢张力试验(Thoomes等人,2012);肱桡肌、肱二头肌和肱三头肌的深肌腱反射减弱(Honet等人,1976;Yousif等人,2025)。
排除标准:
- 过去3个月内任何近期的头部/颈部或肩部创伤;
- 过去3个月内因颈部相关问题接受过物理治疗;
- 过去3个月内接受或正在接受任何类型的药物干预(肌肉松弛剂、非甾体抗炎药、皮质类固醇注射);
- 出现倾向于肩部病理的症状:肩部局部疼痛夜间加重、Drop Arm试验阳性、疼痛放射模式局限于肘部以上的上臂(Katsuura等人,2019);
- 过去6个月内任何近期的颈部、上肢手术;
- 任何可能模拟颈椎神经根病的已诊断神经或肌肉骨骼疾病,例如不同来源的周围神经病变、胸廓出口综合征、内侧/外侧上髁炎、肌筋膜疼痛综合征等;
- 任何心血管疾病(近期深静脉血栓、充血性心力衰竭)、代谢性疾病(糖尿病性多发性神经病)、神经系统疾病(意识障碍、癫痫)、恶性疾病,其中应用电疗或锻炼对患者构成风险;
- 怀孕;
- 活动性植入物,例如心脏起搏器;
- 颈部和/或肩胛区域存在任何皮肤病变,例如感染、开放性伤口;
- 拒绝参与研究。
学习计划
研究是如何设计的?
设计细节
- 主要用途:治疗
- 分配:随机化
- 介入模型:并行分配
- 屏蔽:无(打开标签)
武器和干预
参与者组/臂 |
干预/治疗 |
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有源比较器:自愿锻炼
在物理治疗师的监督下,针对颈部和肩胛区域开具的主动治疗性运动处方,包括热身、强化和放松环节。
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在面对面治疗监督下,开具主动治疗性锻炼处方,每次治疗时长约60分钟。 治疗开始时进行热身,包括节段稳定性练习,即深层颈屈肌训练,以改善颈部神经肌肉协调性:参与者将进行收下巴动作(颈椎后缩和轴向伸展),坐姿下完成2组,每组保持5秒,重复12次,组间休息2分钟。 接下来,参与者将进行整体稳定性练习,重点锻炼屈肌和伸肌群肌肉,使用健身球作为强化方案的一部分。 最后,作为放松环节,参与者进行:胸肌拉伸、斜角肌拉伸、枕下肌拉伸。每个姿势保持15秒,每个肌群双侧重复4次。 |
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实验性的:电刺激运动
热身、强化和放松的所有治疗性锻炼处方参数,包括患者体位、锻炼类型、持续时间、频率和强度,都将与'自主锻炼'中的相同。 关于干预细节,虽然'自主锻炼'仅接受在物理治疗师监督下的主动锻炼,但在'电刺激锻炼'中,作为强化方案的一部分,将在双侧肩胛区域应用电肌肉刺激装置。 |
EMS将应用于双侧肩胛区域。 将通过表面映射使用笔式电极识别上斜方肌的电生理运动点,以最大限度地减少由于电极放置不当导致的运动单元空间募集受限。 参考电极放置在拮抗肌上,即下斜方肌在肩胛骨脊柱内侧端的附着点。 每位参与者在首次治疗时将分配自粘性、一次性电极(4片)。 参与者的运动将与EMS脉冲同步,即运动启动-逐渐增强、保持-通电时间、休息-断电时间。 由于现有系统评价证据质量较低且EMS参数高度异质性,参数的选择将通过激活慢肌耐力肌纤维来完成。 |
研究衡量的是什么?
主要结果指标
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
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深层颈屈肌耐力测试
大体时间:从治疗前(入组阶段)到治疗后6周(第12次治疗)的评估。
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为评估颈部运动控制,将采用深层颈屈肌耐力测试作为颈部肌肉功能的测量指标。
可靠性指标表明,深层颈屈肌耐力测试(DNFET)适用于组间比较。
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从治疗前(入组阶段)到治疗后6周(第12次治疗)的评估。
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宫颈渐进式等惯量提升评估
大体时间:从治疗前(入组时)至治疗后6周(第12次治疗)评估。
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颈椎渐进式等惯量提升评估是脊柱疾病的功能恢复测量方法。
短颈屈肌耐力测试和颈椎PILE测试可被视为测量非特异性颈痛患者颈部肌肉功能不同方面的合适工具。
此外,在8项身体表现测试中,颈椎PILE测试显示出较高的评估者间信度和日间重复性。
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从治疗前(入组时)至治疗后6周(第12次治疗)评估。
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次要结果测量
结果测量 |
措施说明 |
大体时间 |
|---|---|---|
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肌肉力量评估
大体时间:从治疗前(入组时)到治疗后第6周(第12次治疗后)的评估。
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肱二头肌和三角肌的肌力测试具有最高的敏感性,而肱二头肌和肱三头肌具有最高的特异性,与影像学和肌电图研究相比,在诊断颈椎神经根病时总体敏感性为61%。 因此,肱二头肌、肱三头肌和三角肌的肌力将作为本研究的结果指标,并根据手动肌力测试的0至5级进行评估。 肌力分为6个等级,0级表示无肌肉收缩迹象,1级为可触及肌肉收缩但无关节活动度,2级为无重力下全范围主动活动,3级为抗重力全范围主动活动但无其他阻力,4级为抗重力及轻微阻力下全范围主动活动,5级为能抗重力及最大阻力维持测试体位。 |
从治疗前(入组时)到治疗后第6周(第12次治疗后)的评估。
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疼痛(数字疼痛评定量表)
大体时间:从治疗前(入组阶段)到治疗后6周评估(第12次治疗后)。
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对于颈椎神经根病病例,疼痛强度可通过数字评定量表(NRS)进行评估。
数字评定量表采用0到10的整数沿直线或条形排列,其中0表示无疼痛,10表示患者经历过的最剧烈疼痛。
在10分量表中,4或5分(平均疼痛强度)通常被视为物理治疗的指征。
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从治疗前(入组阶段)到治疗后6周评估(第12次治疗后)。
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合作者和调查者
调查人员
- 首席研究员:Zhanna Abdrakhmanova, BSc in Physical Therapy、European University of Lefke
- 学习椅:Beraat Alptuğ, Asst. Prof. Dr., PhD in Physical Therapy、Head of the Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Faculty of Health Sciences European University of Lefke
- 学习椅:Nazemin Gilanlıoğulları, Asst. Prof. Dr., PhD in Rehabilitation、Faculty of Health Sciences, Vice Dean, European University of Lefke
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