The Role of GLP-1 in Satiety Perception in Humans

June 17, 2015 updated by: Ellen Schur, MD, MS, University of Washington
Scientists have discovered a number of hormones that control our feelings of hunger and fullness. One particular hormone, called GLP-1, has been associated with feelings of hunger and fullness. The overall purpose of this study is to look more closely at how GLP-1 changes these feelings and to observe how these hormones affect the brain's function. To do this, volunteers will be asked to come to the clinic for a screening visit, and 2 study visits. This is an outpatient study with a screening visit which will last about an hour and the two subsequent study visits for about 3 hours each. During the study, patients will receive a drug that blocks the effect of a hormone made in the gut. We will take a series of blood samples to measure hormones and use functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to take pictures of the brain. Understanding the action of these hormones in the brain may eventually lead to new ways to help people avoid obesity or lose weight.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Withdrawn

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Many times each day, we see food or representations of food and evaluate whether or not the food looks good to us. If it does, we then balance external factors, such as the social situation or time of day, against internal signals about our hunger state in order to decide what and when to eat. However, recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest that internal signals, such as hormones regulating appetite and satiety, govern our food intake in part by acting on neural circuits to affect whether a given food appears appetizing at that moment. In addition, photographs of food perceived to be "fattening" activate brain regions involved in appetite and reward processing, including the hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, and orbital frontal cortex. This activity is potently reduced by food intake, suggesting that it reflects underlying brain mechanisms involved in satiety. We now propose to study the mechanism of these changes in brain activity by asking if they are directly related to the action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a satiety signal. GLP-1 is released by cells in the gut in response to nutrients, suppressing food intake, and its actions can be blocked by a GLP-1 receptor antagonist, exendin-[9-39]. In 2 randomized, controlled, crossover studies, we will assess whether exendin-[9-39] infusions reverse GLP-1-mediated effects on food intake and on brain response to visual food cues. Our scientific aims are to 1) observe the effect of exendin (9-39) on blocking GLP-1-mediated satiety in humans and assess its effect on food intake in humans for the first time (to our knowledge) and 2) to test whether endogenous GLP-1 signaling is required for the effect of a meal to reduce brain response to visual food cues in humans. We hypothesize that exendin-[9-39] will diminish the effect of a meal in suppressing subsequent food intake and in reducing activation to visual food cues in reward pathways. Determining the extent to which the experience of satiety arises from a decrease in the reward value of food is fundamentally important to understanding human feeding behavior. In addition, this promising line of research is directly relevant to some of the most pressing public health issues of our time: obesity and overnutrition. We hope that investigating mechanisms affecting our perception of satiety at the most basic level will eventually result in novel behavioral or pharmacologic strategies for obesity prevention and treatment.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Washington
      • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98195
        • University of Washington

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 29 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Male or female between 18-29 years of age
  2. BMI between 18.5-24.9 kg/m2
  3. Written informed consent obtained from subject and ability for subject to comply with the requirements of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Chronic health conditions, including diabetes and kidney disease.
  2. Current dieting for weight loss or restrained eating
  3. History of obesity, eating disorders, or weight loss surgery
  4. Random blood glucose >140
  5. Pregnancy or use of oral contraceptives
  6. Current smoker
  7. Recreational drug use or alcohol use of > 1 drink per day for females, > 2 per day for males
  8. Food allergy or intolerance to study foods.
  9. Medications known to alter appetite (e.g., amphetamines, atypical antipsychotics) or gastric emptying (e.g., metoclopromide)
  10. Contraindications to MRI, such as implanted metal or claustrophobia.
  11. Presence of a condition or abnormality that in the opinion of the Investigator would compromise the safety of the patient or the quality of the data.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Exendin (9-39) Acetate
Exendin (9-39) is a synthetic peptide that acts as an antagonist to the GLP-1 receptor. Exendin (9-39) will be diluted in saline 0.9% and administered through IV infusion once for a maximum of 2.5 hours in length at 600-750 pM/kg/min.
Drug: Exendin-(9-39) Acetate
Exendin (9-39) will be diluted in saline 0.9% and administered through IV infusion once for a maximum of 2.5 hours in length.
Placebo Comparator: Saline
Saline 0.9% will be used as the control infusion.
Drug: Saline 0.9%
Saline will be administered through IV infusion once for a maximum of 2.5 hours in length
Other Names:
  • Sodium chloride (NaCl)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Study 1 - Amount of food eaten at a lunch buffet
Time Frame: 1 year
1 year
Study 2 - BOLD response as measured by fMRI during viewing of food photographs
Time Frame: 1 year
1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Study 1 - Patient-reported appetite and appeal ratings
Time Frame: 1 year
1 year
Study 2 - Amount of food eaten at a lunch buffet and self-reported appetite ratings
Time Frame: 1 year
1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Washington

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Ellen A Schur, M.D., M.S., University of Washington

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 1, 2010

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 1, 2016

Study Completion (Anticipated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 15, 2010

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 25, 2010

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 29, 2010

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 19, 2015

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 17, 2015

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 37919-D
  • 1R03DK083502-01A1 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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