Swaziland Safe Generations

February 8, 2018 updated by: Elaine J. Abrams, MD, Columbia University

Situkulwane Lesiphephile-Safe Generations: Improving Approaches to Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-Positive Pregnant Women

The purpose of this study is to understand how best to provide care and treatment services to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive pregnant women and their babies in Swaziland. The study is designed to evaluate a new approach for Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT)where all HIV positive pregnant women initiate lifelong triple antiretroviral (ARV) therapy regardless of their disease stage. The goal is to prevent delays in women accessing treatment for their own health and ensure that women and their children remain in care. This study will compare this new approach to PMTCT, known as Option B+, to Option A, which is the current standard of care for PMTCT in Swaziland. The study will be conducted at 10 health facilities in the Manzini and Lubombo regions in Swaziland. The study has three components: the main component is a PMTCT Options Evaluation where data from medical records will be abstracted on all HIV positive pregnant women attending antenatal services at the 10 selected study facilities; data will be abstracted on their HIV exposed infants as well. Other components of the study include a PMTCT Options Acceptability Evaluation using semi-structured questionnaires with PMTCT clients and health care workers (HCWs) as well as a cost effectiveness evaluation comparing costs under conditions of Option A and Option B+.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Purpose:

"Situkulwane Lesiphephile-Safe Generations" is an implementation science research study designed to evaluate an innovative PMTCT strategy that includes a modified Option B approach, where all HIV positive pregnant women initiate lifelong triple antiretroviral (ARV) therapy independent of CD4+ count (Option B+) and all HIV positive pregnant and postpartum women and their infants are engaged in the same structured appointment and follow-up protocols currently available only to women receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The study hypothesizes that this single, uniform and streamlined treatment and retention approach for all HIV positive pregnant women will eliminate delays, prevent losses and will: (1) result in a higher proportion of mothers and infants successfully completing the PMTCT cascade and fewer new pediatric infections; (2) lead to a higher proportion of ART-eligible women initiating triple ART earlier in pregnancy; (3) will be more feasible to implement; 4) have greater acceptability among staff and patients; and 5) will be more cost-effective compared to Option A.

Design:

Stepped wedge design at 10 health facilities with one facility transitioning from Option A to the Option B+ approach every month over 12 months. Outcome measures will be compared under Option A and Option B+ conditions for all sites as well as before and after the transition at each site. Routinely collected data from facility registers and medical records will be abstracted to determine study outcomes. In addition, two purposely selected cohorts of (1)120 PMTCT clients and; (2) approximately 50 health care workers will complete questionnaires at repeated time points to assess acceptability of Option A and Option B+ approaches.

Study Population:

All HIV positive pregnant women not on ART engaging in PMTCT services at the study sites will be part of the PMTCT Options Evaluation. This will include HIV+ women not on ART enrolling in PMTCT services and pregnant women newly testing HIV+ in the absolute neutrophil count (ANC). A subset of HIV+ pregnant women not on ART engaging in PMTCT services and health care workers providing PMTCT services at the study sites will be enrolled in an acceptability evaluation.

Study Size:

A total of approximately 2,600 HIV positive pregnant women enrolled in PMTCT services at ten Ministry of Health (MOH) facilities.

Primary Objective:

To compare the impact of implementing Option A and Option B+ on the composite endpoint of infant HIV-positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 6 months postpartum or maternal loss to follow-up at 6 months postpartum.

Secondary Objectives:

  1. To compare Option A and Option B+ on proportion of pregnant women with CD4+<350 cells/mm3 initiating ART during pregnancy and on duration of ART received prior to delivery for ART-eligible pregnant women
  2. To compare Option A and Option B+ on the proportion of women and children retained in HIV care at 12, and 18 months postpartum
  3. To examine patient and provider level acceptability of Option A and Option B+
  4. To compare the cost-effectiveness of Option A and Option B+

Tertiary Objectives:

  1. To determine pregnancy and infant outcomes (including fetal losses, neonatal death, birth weight and gestational age) among HIV+ pregnant women receiving PMTCT and compare outcomes by maternal ARV regimens.
  2. To compare Option A and Option B+ on maternal and child adherence as measured by prescriptions dispensed for maternal and infant antiretroviral medications.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
2518

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Swaziland
      • Manzini, Swaziland
        • Family Life Association Clinic
      • Manzini, Swaziland
        • King Soghuza II PHU
      • Manzini, Swaziland
        • Lamvelase Clinic
      • Manzini, Swaziland
        • Luyengo Clinic
      • Manzini, Swaziland
        • Mankayane PHU
      • Manzini, Swaziland
        • Mbabane Government Hospital
      • Manzini, Swaziland
        • Mbikhwakhe Clinic
      • Manzini, Swaziland
        • MSF Matsapha
      • Manzini, Swaziland
        • Raleigh Fitkin Memorial Hospital
    • Lubombo
      • Siteki, Lubombo, Swaziland
        • Good Shepherd Hospital
      • Siteki, Lubombo, Swaziland
        • Siphofaneni
      • Siteki, Lubombo, Swaziland
        • Siteki PHU

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The target population for the PMTCT Options Evaluation is all HIV+ pregnant women not on ART at their first ANC visit at the 10 study facilities. A total of approximately 2600 mother-infant pairs (2600 HIV positive women + 2600 of their HIV exposed babies) will be observed.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Women at least 18 years of age
  • Documented pregnancy (per routine ANC protocol in this setting)
  • Documented HIV-infection (per routine ANC protocol in this setting)
  • Infants born to eligible and enrolled women

Exclusion Criteria:

• Women already on ART when entering ANC

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
PMTCT Options Evaluation
All HIV positive pregnant women not on ART engaging in PMTCT services at the study sites will be included. This will include HIV+ women not on ART enrolling in PMTCT services and pregnant women newly testing HIV+ in the ANC. All women will eventually receive the intervention of Option B+ as each clinic transitions from Option A to B+.
Other: Option B+
  • Using one low toxicity triple ARV regimen [(tenofovir (TDF) + lamivudine/emtricitabine (3TC/FTC) + efavirenz (EFV)] for all women, rather than adapting regimens by CD4+
  • Engaging all pregnant and postpartum women and their infants in the structured appointment and follow-up system currently only available to women receiving ART
  • Providing a simplified standardized public health approach both antenatally and postnatally, with adherence and retention support tailored to the particular health and social needs of peripartum women

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of (1) infant HIV positive PCR at six months postpartum OR (2) mother lost to follow-up from at six months postpartum
Time Frame: Up to 24 months
Combined maternal-child endpoint: The primary outcome will be measured on all HIV+ pregnant women not on ART at their first ANC visit at a participating study site, approximately 2600 women(becoming mother-infant pairs postpartum). This includes women entering PMTCT with known HIV+ status, not on ART, and women testing HIV+ on entry into ANC.
Up to 24 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Proportion of pregnant women with CD4+<350 cells/mm3 initiating ART during pregnancy
Time Frame: Up to 24 months
ART Initiation During Pregnancy: Proportion of pregnant women with CD4+<350 cells/mm3 initiating ART during pregnancy
Up to 24 months
Proportion of women and children retained in HIV care at 12 and 18 months postpartum
Time Frame: Up to 24 months
Maternal/Infant Retention in Care: Proportion of women and children retained in HIV care at 12 and 18 months postpartum
Up to 24 months
Duration of ART/ARV received prior to delivery
Time Frame: Up to 24 months
ART/ARV Duration: Duration of ART/ARV received prior to delivery
Up to 24 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Columbia University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
University of Cape Town
Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation
Ministry of Health, Swaziland
National Emergency Response Council on HIV and AIDS (NERCHA)

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 1, 2013

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 30, 2016

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 30, 2016

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 28, 2013

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 28, 2013

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 3, 2013

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 12, 2018

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 8, 2018

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • AAAL0661
  • AID-OAA-A-12-000020 (OTHER_GRANT: USAID)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on HIV/AIDS

Clinical Trials on Option B+

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

Cookie Settings

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For more details carefully read our Privacy and Cookies Policy. ...>>>You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by deleting the cookies from your website or computer as described in the policy. Please accept it and choose your preferences by ticking the corresponding boxes in the "Manage Settings" section below. Please carefully read our Terms of Service before you proceed with using any part of this website.
«Manage Settings