The Role of Endogenous Lactate in Brain Preservation and Counterregulatory Defenses Against Hypoglycemia

November 23, 2016 updated by: Radboud University Medical Center

The Effect of Exercise-induced Hyperlacticacidemia on Counterregulatory Responses, Symptoms, Cognitive Function and Brain Lactate Accumulation During Hypoglycemia in (Hypoglycemic Unaware)Type I Diabetes Patients and Normal Controls

Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is the most frequent acute complication of insulin therapy in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Recurrent hypoglycemic events initiate a process of habituation, characterized by suppression of hypoglycemic symptoms, eventually leading to hypoglycemia unawareness, which creates a particularly high risk of severe hypoglycemia. Recent evidence suggest a pivotal role for (brain) lactate in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia unawareness. Indeed, exogenous lactate administration may preserve brain function and attenuate counterregulatory responses to and symptomatic awareness of hypoglycemia. It is unknown whether endogenous elevation of plasma lactate produces the same effects and whether such effects differ between patients with T1DM with and without hypoglycemia unawareness and healthy controls.

Objective: To investigate the effect of elevated levels of endogenous lactate on brain lactate accumulation and on counterregulatory responses to, symptomatic awareness of and cognitive function during hypoglycemia in patients with T1DM with and without hypoglycemia unawareness and normal controls.

Hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize first that endogenous lactate, when raised through high intensity exercise, preserves neuronal metabolism during subsequent hypoglycemia, which in turn will attenuate counterregulatory hormone responses, appearance of symptoms and deterioration of cognitive function. Second, the investigators posit that these effects will be augmented in patients with hypoglycemia unawareness compared to healthy subjects and T1DM patients with normal awareness as a consequence of greater transport capacity of lactate into the brain.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

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Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

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Study Type

Study Type

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Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
30

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

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Study Locations

Participation Criteria

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Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 40 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion criteria for healthy subjects

  • Age: 18-40 years
  • Body-Mass Index: 18-30 kg/m2
  • Blood pressure: <160/90 mmHg
  • Recreationally active: i.e. taking part in competitive sport or regular exercise training, of a non-professional nature, once or more a week.

Inclusion criteria T1DM patients with normal hypoglycemic awareness

  • Diabetes duration ≥ 1 year
  • Age: 18-40 years
  • Body-Mass Index: 18-30 kg/m2
  • HbA1c: 42-75 mmol/mol (6-9%)
  • Outcome Clarke questionnaire: 0-1
  • Blood pressure: <160/90 mmHg
  • Recreationally active: i.e. taking part in competitive sport or regular exercise training, of a non-professional nature, once or more a week

Inclusion criteria T1DM patients with hypoglycemia unawareness

  • Diabetes duration ≥ 1 year
  • Age: 18-40 years
  • Body-Mass Index: 18-30 kg/m2
  • HbA1c: 42-75 mmol/mol (6-9%)
  • Outcome Clarke questionnaire: =>3
  • Blood pressure: <160/90 mmHg
  • Recreationally active

Exclusion criteria:

  • Inability to provide informed consent
  • Presence of any medical condition that might interfere with the study protocol, such as brain injuries, epilepsy, a major cardiovascular disease event or anxiety disorders
  • Use of any medication, except for oral contraceptives
  • MR(I) contraindications (pregnancy, severe claustrophobia, metal parts in body)
  • Orthopedic and/or neurological diseases that impair exercise
  • Cardiopulmonary disease as stated in the 2001 American heart association and 2002 American college of cardiology/American heart association guidelines

Additional exclusion criteria for all T1DM patients:

  • Use of any other medication than insulin, except for oral contraceptives or stable thyroxine supplementation therapy
  • complications of T1DM, including proliferative retinopathy, neuropathy or nephropathy

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: High intensity exercise
Subjects will preform a high intensity training exercise (3* 30 seconds all out sprint on a cycle ergometer) to raise plasma lactate levels
Behavioral: High intensity exercise
3x30 seconds 'all out' sprints
Sham Comparator: Lay down comfortably
As a control conditions, subjects wil lay down comfortably and rest
Behavioral: Lay down comfortably
rest

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Plasma level of adrenaline in response to hypoglycemia (Adrenaline, measured in arterial plasma)
Time Frame: during 60 m of hypoglycemia
during 60 m of hypoglycemia

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Plasma levels of other counter-regulatory hormones (Levels of counter-regulatory hormones measured in arterial plasma)
Time Frame: During 60 min hypoglycemia
Levels of counter-regulatory hormones measured in arterial plasma
During 60 min hypoglycemia
Glucose infusion rate (Amount of glucose 20% necessary to maintain plasma glucose at steady state values)
Time Frame: During 60 min hypoglycemia
Amount of glucose 20% necessary to maintain plasma glucose at steady state values
During 60 min hypoglycemia
Plasma lactate levels (Lactate levels measured in arterial plasma)
Time Frame: During 60 min hypoglycemia
Lactate levels measured in arterial plasma
During 60 min hypoglycemia
Cognitive functioning, as measured by cognitive tests
Time Frame: During 60 min hypoglycemia
Cognitive test will be: Dutch State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Digit Span, Stroop color word test, word fluency test, trail making test and Pasat
During 60 min hypoglycemia
Plasma levels of inflammatory markers (levels of cytokines)
Time Frame: During 60 min hypoglycemia
levels of cytokines
During 60 min hypoglycemia
Brain perfusion measured with ASL-MRI
Time Frame: During 60 min hypoglycemia
Brain perfusion measured with ASL-MRI
During 60 min hypoglycemia
Brain lactate accumulation measured with 1H-MRS
Time Frame: During 60 min of hypoglycemia
Brain lactate levels measured with 1H-MRS
During 60 min of hypoglycemia

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Plasma glucose concentration
Time Frame: During 60 min hypoglycemia
Plasma glucose concentration, necessary to adjust glucose infusion rate
During 60 min hypoglycemia
Plasma insulin concentration (Insulin levels, measured in arterial plasma)
Time Frame: During 60 min hypoglycemia
Insulin levels, measured in arterial plasma
During 60 min hypoglycemia

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Radboud University Medical Center

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Bastiaan de Galan, Dr., Radboud University Medical Center

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

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Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 1, 2015

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 1, 2016

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 14, 2014

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 3, 2014

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
December 4, 2014

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 25, 2016

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 23, 2016

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

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Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • End_lac_sympt

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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