A Study of Melphalan Flufenamide (Melflufen)-Dex or Pomalidomide-dex for RRMM Patients Refractory to Lenalidomide (OCEAN)
A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Phase 3 Study of Melflufen/Dexamethasone Compared With Pomalidomide/Dexamethasone for Patients With Relapsed Refractory Multiple Myeloma Who Are Refractory to Lenalidomide
Study Overview
Status
Status
Conditions
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
This was a randomized, controlled, open-label, Phase 3 multicenter study which enrolled patients with RRMM following 2-4 lines of prior therapy and who were refractory to lenalidomide in the last line of therapy as demonstrated by disease progression on or within 60 days of completion of the last dose of lenalidomide.
Patients were randomized to either one of two arms:
Arm A: Melphalan flufenamide (Melflufen) 40 mg on Day 1 and dexamethasone 40 mg on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of each 28-day cycle.
Arm B: Pomalidomide 4 mg daily on Days 1 to 21 and dexamethasone 40 mg on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of each 28-day cycle.
Patients ≥ 75 years of age received a reduced dose of dexamethasone of 20 mg on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 for both Arm A and Arm B.
Patients were to receive treatment until such time as there was documented disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or the patient/treating physician determined it was not in the patient's best interest to continue.
Dose modifications and delays in therapy may have been implemented based on patient tolerability as detailed in the protocol. In the event of a cycle delay, unrelated to dexamethasone toxicity, it was recommended to continue dexamethasone weekly.
Study Type
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Enrollment
Phase
Phase
- Phase 3
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Linz, Austria
- AT-02
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Vienna, Austria
- AT-01
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Edegem, Belgium
- BE-05
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Liège, Belgium
- BE-03
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Roeselare, Belgium
- BE-02
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Brno, Czechia
- CZ-05
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Hradec Králové, Czechia
- CZ-03
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Olomouc, Czechia
- CZ-04
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Ostrava, Czechia
- CZ-01
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Praha, Czechia
- Cz-02, Cz-06
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Vejle, Denmark
- DK01
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Tallinn, Estonia
- EE-01
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Tartu, Estonia
- EE-02
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Brest, France
- FR04
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Cholet, France
- FR-11
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Le Mans, France
- FR01
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Limoges, France
- FR05
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Lyon, France
- FR-07
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Lyon, France
- FR06
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Mulhouse, France
- FR03
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Nice, France
- FR-09
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Poitiers, France
- FR-08
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Périgueux, France
- FR-10
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Athens, Greece
- Gr02, Gr03
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Pátra, Greece
- GR04
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Thessaloníki, Greece
- GR01
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Budapest, Hungary
- Hu02, Hu03, Hu04
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Debrecen, Hungary
- HU01
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Kaposvár, Hungary
- HU-06
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Pécs, Hungary
- HU-05
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Jerusalem, Israel
- IL03
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Nahariya, Israel
- IL01
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Rehovot, Israel
- IL05
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Safed, Israel
- IL02
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Tel Aviv, Israel
- IL04
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Tel Aviv, Israel
- IL06
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Bergamo, Italy
- IT07
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Bologna, Italy
- IT02
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Brescia, Italy
- IT08
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Milano, Italy
- It03, It09
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Modena, Italy
- IT06
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Piacenza, Italy
- IT04
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Terni, Italy
- IT05
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Torino, Italy
- IT01
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Busan, Korea, Republic of
- KR-06
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Daegu, Korea, Republic of
- KR-05
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Hwasun, Korea, Republic of
- KR-04
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Seul, Korea, Republic of
- Kr-01, Kr-02, Kr-03
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Kaunas, Lithuania
- LT-02
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Vilnius, Lithuania
- LT-01
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Rotterdam, Netherlands
- NL01
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Oslo, Norway
- NO01
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Ålesund, Norway
- NO-02
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Białystok, Poland
- PL03
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Chorzów, Poland
- PL02
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Lublin, Poland
- PL05
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Olsztyn, Poland
- PL-08
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Poznań, Poland
- PL07
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Rzeszów, Poland
- PL04
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Toruń, Poland
- PL-09
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Łódź, Poland
- PL06
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Braşov, Romania
- RO-02
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Bucharest, Romania
- RO-01
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Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
- RU-05
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Izhevsk, Russian Federation
- RU-04
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Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation
- Ru-11, Ru-14
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Moscow, Russian Federation
- RU-03
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Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
- RU-09
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Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- RU-10
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Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation
- RU-06
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Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Ru-01, Ru-02, Ru-08, Ru-12, Ru-14
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Samara, Russian Federation
- RU-07
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Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
- RU-13
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Badalona, Spain
- ES11
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Barcelona, Spain
- Es02, Es13, Es14
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Madrid, Spain
- Es01, Es04, Es09
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Málaga, Spain
- ES-15
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Pamplona, Spain
- Es07, Es12
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Salamanca, Spain
- ES10
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Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- ES03
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Sevilla, Spain
- ES08
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Valencia, Spain
- Es05, Es06
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Chiayi City, Taiwan
- TW-02
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Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Tw-04, Tw-07
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Taichung, Taiwan
- TW-03
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Tainan, Taiwan
- TW-05
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Taipei, Taiwan
- Tw-01, Tw-06
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Liverpool, United Kingdom
- GB03
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Manchester, United Kingdom
- GB01
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Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- GB02
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Southampton, United Kingdom
- GB04
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Arizona
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Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85711
- US17
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California
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Fresno, California, United States, 93710
- US01
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Florida
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Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32610
- US11
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Orange City, Florida, United States, 32763
- US12
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Plantation, Florida, United States, 33324
- US-19
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Idaho
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Boise, Idaho, United States, 83712
- US16
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Kentucky
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Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40207
- US-24
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Massachusetts
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Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215
- US13
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Mississippi
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Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States, 39401
- US-27
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North Carolina
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Salisbury, North Carolina, United States, 28144
- US-21
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Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27103
- US-30
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Pennsylvania
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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107
- US06
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Texas
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Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States, 78234
- US15
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Temple, Texas, United States, 76504
- US-18
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male or female, age 18 years or older
- A prior diagnosis of multiple myeloma with documented disease progression requiring further treatment at time of screening
Measurable disease defined as any of the following:
- Serum monoclonal protein ≥ 0.5 g/dL by protein electrophoresis.
- ≥ 200 mg/24 hours of monoclonal protein in the urine on 24-hour electrophoresis
- Serum free light chain ≥ 10 mg/dL AND abnormal serum kappa to lambda free light chain ratio
- Received 2-4 prior lines of therapy, including lenalidomide and a PI, either sequential or in the same line, and is refractory (relapsed and refractory or refractory) to both the last line of therapy and to lenalidomide (≥ 10 mg) administered within 18 months prior to randomization. Refractory to lenalidomide is defined as progression while on lenalidomide therapy or within 60 days of last dose, following at least 2 cycles of lenalidomide with at least 14 doses of lenalidomide per cycle.
- Life expectancy of ≥ 6 months
- Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤ 2.
- Females of child bearing potential (FCBP) must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test prior to start of treatment. Participants must agree to ongoing pregnancy testing. All patients must be willing to comply with all requirements of the USA pomalidomide Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program or the pomalidomide Pregnancy Prevention Plan (PPP).
- Ability to understand the purpose and risks of the study and provide signed and dated informed consent.
- 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) with QT interval calculated by Fridericia Formula (QTcF) interval of ≤ 470 msec Fridericia Formula.
The following laboratory results must be met during screening and also immediately before study drug administration on Cycle 1 Day 1:
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1,000 cells/mm^3 (1.0 x 10^9/L)
- Platelet count ≥ 75,000 cells/mm^3 (75 x 10^9/L)
- Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dl
- Total Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN), or patients diagnosed with Gilberts syndrome, that have been reviewed and approved by the medical monitor.
- Aspartate transaminase (AST /SGOT) and alanine transaminase (ALT/SGPT) ≤ 3.0 x ULN.
- Renal function: Estimated creatinine clearance by Cockcroft-Gault formula ≥ 45 mL/min.
- Must be able to take antithrombotic prophylaxis.
- Must have, or be willing to have an acceptable central catheter. (Port a cath, peripherally inserted central catheter [PICC-line], or central venous catheter) (Insertion only required if randomized to Arm A).
Exclusion Criteria:
- Primary refractory disease (i.e. never responded (≥ MR) to any prior therapy)
- Evidence of mucosal or internal bleeding or platelet transfusion refractory
- Any medical conditions that, in the Investigator's opinion, would impose excessive risk to the patient or would adversely affect his/her participating in this study.
- Prior exposure to pomalidomide
- Known intolerance to IMiDs.
- Known active infection requiring parenteral or oral anti-infective treatment within 14 days of randomization.
- Other malignancy diagnosed or requiring treatment within the past 3 years with the exception of adequately treated basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell skin cancer, carcinoma in-situ of the cervix or breast or very low and low risk prostate cancer in active surveillance.
- Pregnant or breast-feeding females
- Serious psychiatric illness, active alcoholism, or drug addiction that may hinder or confuse compliance or follow-up evaluation
- Known human immunodeficiency virus or active hepatitis C viral infection
Active hepatitis B viral infection (defined as HBsAg+).
- Patients with prior hepatitis B vaccine are permitted (defined as HBsAg-, Anti-HBs+, Anti-HBc-).
- Non-active hepatitis B (HBsAg-, Anti-HBs+, Anti-HBc+) may be enrolled at the discretion of the investigator after consideration of risk of reactivation.
- Concurrent symptomatic amyloidosis or plasma cell leukemia
- POEMS syndrome
- Previous cytotoxic therapies, including cytotoxic investigational agents, for multiple myeloma within 3 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas) prior to randomization. IMiDs, PIs and or corticosteroids within 2 weeks prior to randomization. Other investigational therapies and monoclonal antibodies within 4 weeks of randomization. Prednisone up to but no more than 10 mg orally q.d. or its equivalent for symptom management of comorbid conditions is permitted but dose should be stable for at least 7 days prior to randomization
- Residual side effects to previous therapy > grade 1 prior to randomization (Alopecia any grade and/or neuropathy grade 2 without pain are permitted)
- Prior peripheral stem cell transplant within 12 weeks of randomization
- Prior allogeneic stem cell transplantation with active graft-versus-host-disease.
- Prior major surgical procedure or radiation therapy within 4 weeks of the randomization
- Known intolerance to steroid therapy
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Single
Number of Arms
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / ArmParticipant Group / Arm |
Intervention / TreatmentIntervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
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Experimental: Arm A: Melflufen+Dexamethasone
Melflufen 40 mg i.v. on Day 1 and dexamethasone 40 mg (20 mg for patients ≥ 75 years of age) on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of each 28-day cycle.
Patients were to be treated until confirmed progression, unacceptable toxicity, or the patient or investigator decided it was not in the patient's best interest to continue.
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Oral tablets
Other Names:
Intravenous infusion
Other Names:
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Active Comparator: Arm B: Pomalidomide+Dexamethasone
Pomalidomide 4 mg orally daily on Days 1 to 21 and dexamethasone 40 mg (20 mg for patients ≥ 75 years of age) on Days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of each 28-day cycle.
Patients were to be treated until confirmed progression, unacceptable toxicity, or the patient or investigator decided it was not in the patient's best interest to continue.
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Oral tablets
Other Names:
Oral capsules
Other Names:
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
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Progression Free Survival (PFS)
Time Frame: From date of randomization until first evidence of confirmed disease progression or death due to any cause (whichever occurred first), up to the data cutoff date of 03 Feb 2021 (ie, assessed up to approximately 43 months).
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Progression Free Survival defined as the duration in months from randomization until first evidence of confirmed disease progression, as assessed by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) according to the International Myeloma Working Group Uniform Response Criteria (IMWG-URC).
Disease progression was defined according to the IMWG-URC as progressive disease or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first.
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From date of randomization until first evidence of confirmed disease progression or death due to any cause (whichever occurred first), up to the data cutoff date of 03 Feb 2021 (ie, assessed up to approximately 43 months).
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
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Overall Response Rate (ORR)
Time Frame: From randomization until best response achieved before confirmed disease progression or death due to any cause, up to data cutoff of 03 Feb 2021 (ie, assessed up to approx. 43 months). Median time to best response: Arm A=2.1 months and Arm B=2.0 months
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ORR defined as the proportion of patients for whom the best overall confirmed response is stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), or partial response (PR), as assessed by IRC.
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From randomization until best response achieved before confirmed disease progression or death due to any cause, up to data cutoff of 03 Feb 2021 (ie, assessed up to approx. 43 months). Median time to best response: Arm A=2.1 months and Arm B=2.0 months
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Duration of Response (DOR)
Time Frame: From first documentation of a confirmed response to first evidence of confirmed disease progression or death due to any cause, up to the data cutoff date of 03 Feb 2021 (ie, assessed up to approximately 43 months).
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DOR defined as the duration in months from first documentation of a confirmed response to first evidence of confirmed disease progression or death due to any cause.
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From first documentation of a confirmed response to first evidence of confirmed disease progression or death due to any cause, up to the data cutoff date of 03 Feb 2021 (ie, assessed up to approximately 43 months).
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Overall Survival (OS)
Time Frame: From date of randomization until up to 24 months following confirmed disease progression or initiation of subsequent therapy, up to the data cutoff date of 03 Feb 2023 (ie, assessed up to approximately 67 months).
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OS defined as the time in months from randomization to date of death due to any cause.
Patients who were still alive at end of study, or lost to follow up, were censored at the last day the patient was known to be alive.
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From date of randomization until up to 24 months following confirmed disease progression or initiation of subsequent therapy, up to the data cutoff date of 03 Feb 2023 (ie, assessed up to approximately 67 months).
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Safety and Tolerability: Number of Patients With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Including Clinical Laboratory and Vital Signs Abnormalities, as Assessed by CTCAE v4.0
Time Frame: From start of dosing until 30 days after the last dose of study treatment, up to the data cutoff date of 03 Feb 2023 (ie, assessed up to approximately 67 months). Median duration of study treatment was 25.2 and 22.1 weeks for Arm A and B, respectively.
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Number of patients with TEAEs, including clinical laboratory and vital signs abnormalities, as assessed by CTCAE v4.0 are presented.
No formal statistical analysis was performed for safety endpoints.
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From start of dosing until 30 days after the last dose of study treatment, up to the data cutoff date of 03 Feb 2023 (ie, assessed up to approximately 67 months). Median duration of study treatment was 25.2 and 22.1 weeks for Arm A and B, respectively.
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Sponsor
Investigators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Pieter Sonneveld, Prof., Erasmus Medical Center
Publications and helpful links
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Primary Completion
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Completion
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
First Posted
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Posted
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Vascular Diseases
- Immune System Diseases
- Neoplasms by Histologic Type
- Neoplasms
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders
- Immunoproliferative Disorders
- Hematologic Diseases
- Hemorrhagic Disorders
- Hemostatic Disorders
- Paraproteinemias
- Blood Protein Disorders
- Multiple Myeloma
- Neoplasms, Plasma Cell
- Physiological Effects of Drugs
- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
- Autonomic Agents
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Immunologic Factors
- Antiemetics
- Gastrointestinal Agents
- Glucocorticoids
- Hormones
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating
- Alkylating Agents
- Myeloablative Agonists
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors
- Angiogenesis Modulating Agents
- Growth Substances
- Growth Inhibitors
- Dexamethasone
- Dexamethasone acetate
- Pomalidomide
- Melphalan
Other Study ID Numbers
Other Study ID Numbers
- OP-103
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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