Can Sleep Apnea Screening Questionnaire Predict Adverse Events in Endoscopic Studies

October 21, 2025 updated by: Fernando Castro, The Cleveland Clinic

Can a Higher Body Mass Index and a Positive Stop Bang or Epworth Sleepiness Scale Questionnaire Predict Cardiorespiratory Adverse Events During Endoscopy: A Prospective Cohort Study

Investigators hypothesize that the obese population (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) who might be at higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), carries a higher risk of endoscopy associated adverse events. The primary aim of our study is to determine predictors of endoscopy associated adverse events (airway maneuvers and sedation related complications) in the obese population including the use of the STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). A secondary aim is to determine the impact of referral to sleep medicine clinic and home sleep test ordered from the gastroenterologist if patient was found to be high risk for OSA by the use of validated questionnaires such as SBQ and ESS.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition characterized by episodes of apnea and hypoxemia caused by upper airway collapse. These episodes lead to symptoms such as daytime fatigue and sleepiness in addition to multiple effects on health including hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Obesity, defined by the World Health Organization and the United States National Institute of Health as a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 is a major risk factor for OSA and along with the obesity epidemic, the prevalence of OSA has been increasing and is estimated to be around 3-7% in the United States. In 2017 The American Gastroenterological Association release the Practice guide on Obesity and Weight management, Education and Resources (POWER) that provides guidance on obesity management. This is in recognition that gastroenterologists are at the frontline of managing patients with multiple obesity related conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett's esophagus, and colon cancer. In the midst of these guidelines, recognition of extra gastrointestinal obesity related conditions such as OSA remains an important task as this can have important long-term health consequences.

There are different tools modalities to screen for OSA such as STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ) and the Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS). The SBQ was originally developed to screen patients in the pre-operative setting as this population may be at higher risk for post-operative complications, however this tool has been validated by multiple studies to identify patients that may be at high risk for OSA. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the performance of SBQ in different populations showed a sensitivity of 90%, 94% and 96% to detect any OSA (Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) ≥ 5), moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥15), and severe OSA (AHI ≥30) respectively. The ESS is a simple and validated questionnaire for assessing excessive daytime sleepiness in the context of sleep disorders and has been suggested as a tool to identifying patient with OSA. Studies comparing ESS with SBQ showed that although SBQ identify more patient with OSA, the ESS has a higher specificity which is potentially of use in conjunction with another higher sensitivity modality such as SBQ may improve the diagnostic accuracy other screening modalities. Although the sensitivity of Berlin, STOP and STOP-Bang questionnaires was generally high, the low specificity of these questionnaires results in increased false positives and failure of exclusion of individuals at low risk.

The high sensitivity of SBQ, high specifity of ESS and ease in performing these questionnaire makes it an ideal tool to screen patients for OSA in the endoscopy unit. Given the potential cardiorespiratory decompensations in patients with OSA, multiple studies have used this questionnaire to determine factors associated with airway maneuvers (AM) and sedation related complications (SRC). In one study of patients undergoing advanced endoscopic procedures a SBQ score ≥3 (SBQ+) was associated with increased risk of hypoxemia and the use of AM. These patients also had a mean BMI of 31.4 kg/m2 which is defined as obesity class I. A similar study on patients undergoing elective EGD and colonoscopy found no correlation between SBQ+ patients and SRC or AM, however it should be noted that the mean BMI in this SBQ+ population was 28.3 kg/m2 which does not meet criteria for obesity. Although not statistically significant there was a trend towards a higher use of AM in the higher BMI group (p=0.066). In addition the combined analysis of adverse events for EGD and colonoscopies together can be problematic since only about half of the patients on the study (n=120) underwent EGD which has a higher risk of transient hypoxemia than colonoscopy, because of the potential of direct impingement of the airway, laryngeal irritation or micro aspiration during esophageal intubation17. Also the use of propofol was not standardized and other methods of sedation were used such as benzodiazepine and opioids.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
350

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.
  • Name: Fernando Castro, M.D.
  • Phone Number: 9540659-5647
  • Email: CASTROF@ccf.org

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Florida
      • Weston, Florida, United States, 33331
        • Cleveland Clinic Florida

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

N/A

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patient presenting to endoscopy unit for routine esophagogastrodudenoscopy, colonoscopy or both who have a BMI equal or greater than 25 kg/m2.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Undergoing elective upper endoscopy or colonoscopy
  2. Body mass index equal or greater than 25 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Patients <18 years of age
  2. pregnant women
  3. lung disease requiring oxygen
  4. oxygen saturation less or equal to 90% at the beginning of endoscopy
  5. BMI <25
  6. ASA ≥4
  7. Inability to obtain consent

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Cohort
  • Time Perspectives: Prospective

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Overweight and obese patients
Patient undergoing elective upper endoscopy or colonoscopy, body mass index equal or greater than 25 kg/m2.
Other: Questionaire
We will provide two sleep apnea screening questionnaire, Stop-bang questionnaire and Epworth sleepiness scale

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Predictors of endoscopy associated adverse events
Time Frame: 2/9/2018 - 2/18/2019
Determine predictors of endoscopy associated adverse events (airway maneuvers and sedation related complications) in the obese population including the use of the STOP-BANG questionnaires and Epworth sleepiness scale
2/9/2018 - 2/18/2019

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Impact of referral to sleep medicine clinic and home sleep test
Time Frame: 2/9/2018 - 2/18/2019
Determine the impact of referral to sleep medicine clinic and home sleep test ordered from the gastroenterologist if patient were found to be high risk for OSA by the use of validated questionnaires such as STOP-BANG questionnaire and Epworth sleepiness questionnaire.
2/9/2018 - 2/18/2019

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
The Cleveland Clinic

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Fernando Castro, M.D, The Cleveland Clinic

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 9, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 18, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 18, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 12, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 12, 2018

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 19, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 22, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 21, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
December 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • FLA 17-104

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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