Strategy Training on Improving Executive Functions in Persons Following Acquired Brain Injury

April 9, 2024 updated by: Feng-Hang Chang, Taipei Medical University
About two-third individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) experience cognitive impairments. Deficits in executive functions is one of the most prevalent cognitive impairments following ABI which result in decline of recovery and independence. Lack of intervention shows evidence of immediate and long-term effect on executive function which is critical after returning to the community. The overall aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of strategy training intervention on executive functions and participation on community-dwelling people with ABI. Findings of the study will provide unequivocal evidence on the duration of effectiveness of strategy training and support the development and application of the program in rehabilitation practice.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The study will use a double-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of the strategy training intervention program in comparison to the control group. The investigators will recruit community-dwelling individuals with ABI in outpatient rehabilitation units and randomly assign them to the intervention group and the control group at a 1:1 ratio. Participants in the intervention group will receive strategy training 2 times per week for 10-15 sessions and participants in the control group will receive dose-matched non-active intervention carried out by a trained therapist. These efforts will allow the investigators to address the gap in rehabilitation research by demonstrating the effectiveness of strategy training on rebuilding and maintaining executive functions and lessening disability. This evidence will be important for rehabilitation practitioners to provide effective treatment to patients with cognitive impairments and will contribute to the improvement of quality of care of rehabilitation services.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
180

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Taiwan
      • Taipei, Taiwan
        • National Taiwan University Hospital
      • Taipei, Taiwan
        • Taipei Medical University
      • Taipei, Taiwan
        • National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

20 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Ages 20 years and older
  • Has a diagnosis of Acquired Brain Injury
  • Understand Mandarin
  • Has cognitive impairment
  • Provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Have severe aphasia
  • Have a pre-stroke diagnosis of dementia, current major depressive disorder, substance use, or other psychiatric disorders that may impede them from continually participating in the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Assigned Interventions
The OPASS program will be delivered to the intervention group. The intervention protocols of the OPASS program were developed based on the strategy training guidelines developed by Skidmore et al. and based on the findings identified from the feasibility study. Trained research therapists will take the responsibility for delivering the intervention to participants. The program consists of four critical ingredients: self-selected goals, self-evaluation of performance, strategy development, and implementation, and therapeutic guided discovery.
Behavioral: Strategy Training
This approach is different from traditional direct skill training, which emphasizes clinicians' responsibility on identifying their patients' challenges in performing activities and teaching patients task-specific problem-solving strategies. Strategy training, on the other hand, requires clinicians to take a role as a facilitator, guiding participants to learn through prompts and questions. In the training process, participants learn to develop their own problem-solving strategies and work through the problems they have, through which they can develop self-efficacy and confidence to manage participation challenges. Participants can also generalize the strategies they learn to other similar problems they encounter in daily life.
No Intervention: Reflective listening
Participants in the control group will receive dose-matched non-active intervention carried out by a trained research staff. The staff will use scripted questions to provoke participants to describe their experiences and feelings about their disease and their usual-care rehabilitation activities.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Stroop Test
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Stroop test is a behavioral cognitive assessment tool. Participants will be asked to read out the ink color of the word as accurately and as soon as possible. The ink color of the word could be congruent or incongruent with the written color name. Each participant's time and error to complete the task will be calculated and recorded, in which a longer completion time and more error will indicate poorer outcome. Construct validity of the Stroop Test in the TBI population has been published.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Trail-Making Test (TMT A and B)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Trail-Making Test (TMT A and B) will be used to measure sustained attention, sequencing, mental flexibility, and visual tracking. TMT-A requires the individual to link in an ascending order a series of 25 numbered circles distributed randomly on a test paper as quickly as possible. TMT-B is similar, although it requires the individual to link switching alternatively between a set of numbers (1-13) and a set of letters (A-L) in an ascending order (1-A-2-B-3-C...). The Time and the amount of needed reminders to complete TMT A and B will be calculated, in which a longer completion time and more error will indicate poorer outcome. This instrument was validated in healthy people, patients with head injury, vascular disorders, and other diverse populations.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a clinician-reported measure consisting of cognition domains such as: visuospatial skills, executive functions, attention, concentration, calculation, language, abstraction, memory, and orientation. The summary score ranges from 0-30 points with higher scores indicating better cognitive function.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AMPAC) Outpatient Short Forms
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
The Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AMPAC) Outpatient Short Forms consists of three subscales that assesses three activity domains: basic mobility (18 items), daily activity (15 items), and applied cognitive (19 items). Each item asks the respondent to rate the difficulty to perform specified activities using a 4-point scale. The summary scores range 18-72, 15-60, 19-76 points respectively among three subscales. Higher score indicates better function of the specific domain. The summary scores for each subscale will be transformed into standardized scores on the t-score scale.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AMPAC) Outpatient Short Forms
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AMPAC) Outpatient Short Forms consists of three subscales that assesses three activity domains: basic mobility (18 items), daily activity (15 items), and applied cognitive (19 items). Each item asks the respondent to rate the difficulty to perform specified activities using a 4-point scale. The summary scores range 18-72, 15-60, 19-76 points respectively among three subscales. Higher score indicates better function of the specific domain. The summary scores for each subscale will be transformed into standardized scores on the t-score scale.
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AMPAC) Outpatient Short Forms
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AMPAC) Outpatient Short Forms consists of three subscales that assesses three activity domains: basic mobility (18 items), daily activity (15 items), and applied cognitive (19 items). Each item asks the respondent to rate the difficulty to perform specified activities using a 4-point scale. The summary scores range 18-72, 15-60, 19-76 points respectively among three subscales. Higher score indicates better function of the specific domain. The summary scores for each subscale will be transformed into standardized scores on the t-score scale.
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AMPAC) Outpatient Short Forms
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AMPAC) Outpatient Short Forms consists of three subscales that assesses three activity domains: basic mobility (18 items), daily activity (15 items), and applied cognitive (19 items). Each item asks the respondent to rate the difficulty to perform specified activities using a 4-point scale. The summary scores range 18-72, 15-60, 19-76 points respectively among three subscales. Higher score indicates better function of the specific domain. The summary scores for each subscale will be transformed into standardized scores on the t-score scale.
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Healing encounters and attitudes list positive outlook questionnaire short form (HEAL-PO)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
The Healing encounters and attitudes list positive outlook questionnaire short form (HEAL-PO) consists of 6 statements about perceived value on confidence and optimism in general. Each item is ranked on a 1 to 5 Likert-type scale. The summary score ranges from 6-30 points. Higher score indicates a more positive attitude on the participant. Scores are summed and then converted to T-score.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Healing encounters and attitudes list positive outlook questionnaire short form (HEAL-PO)
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Healing encounters and attitudes list positive outlook questionnaire short form (HEAL-PO) consists of 6 statements about perceived value on confidence and optimism in general. Each item is ranked on a 1 to 5 Likert-type scale. The summary score ranges from 6-30 points. Higher score indicates a more positive attitude on the participant. Scores are summed and then converted to T-score.
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Healing encounters and attitudes list positive outlook questionnaire short form (HEAL-PO)
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Healing encounters and attitudes list positive outlook questionnaire short form (HEAL-PO) consists of 6 statements about perceived value on confidence and optimism in general. Each item is ranked on a 1 to 5 Likert-type scale. The summary score ranges from 6-30 points. Higher score indicates a more positive attitude on the participant. Scores are summed and then converted to T-score.
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Healing encounters and attitudes list positive outlook questionnaire short form (HEAL-PO)
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Healing encounters and attitudes list positive outlook questionnaire short form (HEAL-PO) consists of 6 statements about perceived value on confidence and optimism in general. Each item is ranked on a 1 to 5 Likert-type scale. The summary score ranges from 6-30 points. Higher score indicates a more positive attitude on the participant. Scores are summed and then converted to T-score.
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
General Self Efficacy Scale (GSCS)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
The General Self Efficacy Scale is a 10-item scale that is designed to assess optimistic self-beliefs to cope with a variety of difficult demands in life. Each item is rated using a 1-4 Likert scale, with higher score indicating greater self-efficacy. The summary score ranges from 10-40.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
General Self Efficacy Scale (GSCS)
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The General Self Efficacy Scale is a 10-item scale that is designed to assess optimistic self-beliefs to cope with a variety of difficult demands in life. Each item is rated using a 1-4 Likert scale, with higher score indicating greater self-efficacy. The summary score ranges from 10-40.
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
General Self Efficacy Scale (GSCS)
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The General Self Efficacy Scale is a 10-item scale that is designed to assess optimistic self-beliefs to cope with a variety of difficult demands in life. Each item is rated using a 1-4 Likert scale, with higher score indicating greater self-efficacy. The summary score ranges from 10-40.
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
General Self Efficacy Scale (GSCS)
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The General Self Efficacy Scale is a 10-item scale that is designed to assess optimistic self-beliefs to cope with a variety of difficult demands in life. Each item is rated using a 1-4 Likert scale, with higher score indicating greater self-efficacy. The summary score ranges from 10-40.
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure inquires the client to identify important goals in their daily life and rate their importance, performance and satisfaction for each goal on a 10-point visual analog scale. The summary score ranges from 1-10 on each domain. Higher score indicates a more important, better performance and higher satisfaction on each determined goal. Scores are summed and then converted to T-score for analysis.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure inquires the client to identify important goals in their daily life and rate their importance, performance and satisfaction for each goal on a 10-point visual analog scale. The summary score ranges from 1-10 on each domain. Higher score indicates a more important, better performance and higher satisfaction on each determined goal. Scores are summed and then converted to T-score for analysis.
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure inquires the client to identify important goals in their daily life and rate their importance, performance and satisfaction for each goal on a 10-point visual analog scale. The summary score ranges from 1-10 on each domain. Higher score indicates a more important, better performance and higher satisfaction on each determined goal. Scores are summed and then converted to T-score for analysis.
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure inquires the client to identify important goals in their daily life and rate their importance, performance and satisfaction for each goal on a 10-point visual analog scale. The summary score ranges from 1-10 on each domain. Higher score indicates a more important, better performance and higher satisfaction on each determined goal. Scores are summed and then converted to T-score for analysis.
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Stroop Test
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Stroop test is a behavioral cognitive assessment tool. Participants will be asked to read out the ink color of the word as accurately and as soon as possible. The ink color of the word could be congruent or incongruent with the written color name. Each participant's time and error to complete the task will be calculated and recorded, in which a longer completion time and more error will indicate poorer outcome. Construct validity of the Stroop Test in the TBI population has been published.
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Stroop Test
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Stroop test is a behavioral cognitive assessment tool. Participants will be asked to read out the ink color of the word as accurately and as soon as possible. The ink color of the word could be congruent or incongruent with the written color name. Each participant's time and error to complete the task will be calculated and recorded, in which a longer completion time and more error will indicate poorer outcome. Construct validity of the Stroop Test in the TBI population has been published.
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Stroop Test
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Stroop test is a behavioral cognitive assessment tool. Participants will be asked to read out the ink color of the word as accurately and as soon as possible. The ink color of the word could be congruent or incongruent with the written color name. Each participant's time and error to complete the task will be calculated and recorded, in which a longer completion time and more error will indicate poorer outcome. Construct validity of the Stroop Test in the TBI population has been published.
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Trail-Making Test (TMT A and B)
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Trail-Making Test (TMT A and B) will be used to measure sustained attention, sequencing, mental flexibility, and visual tracking. TMT-A requires the individual to link in an ascending order a series of 25 numbered circles distributed randomly on a test paper as quickly as possible. TMT-B is similar, although it requires the individual to link switching alternatively between a set of numbers (1-13) and a set of letters (A-L) in an ascending order (1-A-2-B-3-C...). The Time and the amount of needed reminders to complete TMT A and B will be calculated, in which a longer completion time and more error will indicate poorer outcome. This instrument was validated in healthy people, patients with head injury, vascular disorders, and other diverse populations.
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Trail-Making Test (TMT A and B)
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Trail-Making Test (TMT A and B) will be used to measure sustained attention, sequencing, mental flexibility, and visual tracking. TMT-A requires the individual to link in an ascending order a series of 25 numbered circles distributed randomly on a test paper as quickly as possible. TMT-B is similar, although it requires the individual to link switching alternatively between a set of numbers (1-13) and a set of letters (A-L) in an ascending order (1-A-2-B-3-C...). The Time and the amount of needed reminders to complete TMT A and B will be calculated, in which a longer completion time and more error will indicate poorer outcome. This instrument was validated in healthy people, patients with head injury, vascular disorders, and other diverse populations.
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Trail-Making Test (TMT A and B)
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Trail-Making Test (TMT A and B) will be used to measure sustained attention, sequencing, mental flexibility, and visual tracking. TMT-A requires the individual to link in an ascending order a series of 25 numbered circles distributed randomly on a test paper as quickly as possible. TMT-B is similar, although it requires the individual to link switching alternatively between a set of numbers (1-13) and a set of letters (A-L) in an ascending order (1-A-2-B-3-C...). The Time and the amount of needed reminders to complete TMT A and B will be calculated, in which a longer completion time and more error will indicate poorer outcome. This instrument was validated in healthy people, patients with head injury, vascular disorders, and other diverse populations.
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
The National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS) is a 15-item measurement designed to assess symptoms indicating severity of stroke by clinicians. Each item is rated 0-2 or 0-3 points according to the symptoms which are commonly seen after stroke . The summary score ranges from 0-42 with higher score indicating greater severity of stroke.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS)
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS) is a 15-item measurement designed to assess symptoms indicating severity of stroke by clinicians. Each item is rated 0-2 or 0-3 points according to the symptoms which are commonly seen after stroke . The summary score ranges from 0-42 with higher score indicating greater severity of stroke.
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS)
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS) is a 15-item measurement designed to assess symptoms indicating severity of stroke by clinicians. Each item is rated 0-2 or 0-3 points according to the symptoms which are commonly seen after stroke . The summary score ranges from 0-42 with higher score indicating greater severity of stroke.
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS)
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The National Institutes of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS) is a 15-item measurement designed to assess symptoms indicating severity of stroke by clinicians. Each item is rated 0-2 or 0-3 points according to the symptoms which are commonly seen after stroke . The summary score ranges from 0-42 with higher score indicating greater severity of stroke.
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Rancho Los Amigos Scale-Revised (RLAS-R)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Rancho Los Amigos Scale-Revised (RLAS-R) is an ordinal scale which describes the cognitive and behavioral patterns found in brain injury patients as they recover from injury. The levels are assessed by clinicians and range from 1 to 10 with higher scores indicating better functioning on brain injury participants.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Rancho Los Amigos Scale-Revised (RLAS-R)
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Rancho Los Amigos Scale-Revised (RLAS-R) is an ordinal scale which describes the cognitive and behavioral patterns found in brain injury patients as they recover from injury. The levels are assessed by clinicians and range from 1 to 10 with higher scores indicating better functioning on brain injury participants.
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Rancho Los Amigos Scale-Revised (RLAS-R)
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Rancho Los Amigos Scale-Revised (RLAS-R) is an ordinal scale which describes the cognitive and behavioral patterns found in brain injury patients as they recover from injury. The levels are assessed by clinicians and range from 1 to 10 with higher scores indicating better functioning on brain injury participants.
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Rancho Los Amigos Scale-Revised (RLAS-R)
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Rancho Los Amigos Scale-Revised (RLAS-R) is an ordinal scale which describes the cognitive and behavioral patterns found in brain injury patients as they recover from injury. The levels are assessed by clinicians and range from 1 to 10 with higher scores indicating better functioning on brain injury participants.
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is designed to measure the degree of disability after a stroke. Each participant is rated 0-6 point on an ordinal scale with higher score indicating greater disability after stroke.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS)
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is designed to measure the degree of disability after a stroke. Each participant is rated 0-6 point on an ordinal scale with higher score indicating greater disability after stroke.
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS)
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is designed to measure the degree of disability after a stroke. Each participant is rated 0-6 point on an ordinal scale with higher score indicating greater disability after stroke.
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS)
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is designed to measure the degree of disability after a stroke. Each participant is rated 0-6 point on an ordinal scale with higher score indicating greater disability after stroke.
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Euro-QoL-5-Dimension (EQ-5D)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
The Euro-QoL-5-Dimension (EQ-5D) is used to assess participant's health related quality of life which consist of 5 ordinal scale items and 1 item with visual analog scale. Ordinal scales are rated 0-3 points with higher score indicating the pooer health-related quality of life. visual analog scale are rated by respondents reporting perceived health status with a grade ranging from 0 to 100 with higher score indicating the better health status).
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Euro-QoL-5-Dimension (EQ-5D)
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Euro-QoL-5-Dimension (EQ-5D) is used to assess participant's health related quality of life which consist of 5 ordinal scale items and 1 item with visual analog scale. Ordinal scales are rated 0-3 points with higher score indicating the pooer health-related quality of life. visual analog scale are rated by respondents reporting perceived health status with a grade ranging from 0 to 100 with higher score indicating the better health status).
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Euro-QoL-5-Dimension (EQ-5D)
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Euro-QoL-5-Dimension (EQ-5D) is used to assess participant's health related quality of life which consist of 5 ordinal scale items and 1 item with visual analog scale. Ordinal scales are rated 0-3 points with higher score indicating the pooer health-related quality of life. visual analog scale are rated by respondents reporting perceived health status with a grade ranging from 0 to 100 with higher score indicating the better health status).
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Euro-QoL-5-Dimension (EQ-5D)
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Euro-QoL-5-Dimension (EQ-5D) is used to assess participant's health related quality of life which consist of 5 ordinal scale items and 1 item with visual analog scale. Ordinal scales are rated 0-3 points with higher score indicating the pooer health-related quality of life. visual analog scale are rated by respondents reporting perceived health status with a grade ranging from 0 to 100 with higher score indicating the better health status).
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Qualitative data
Time Frame: After intervention, an average of 2 month
Qualitative in-depth interviews with participants, caregivers, and therapists will be conducted following the intervention. In-depth interviews will be conducted by well-trained interviewers at the end of each participant's intervention. The research team will develop an interview guide consisting of a series of open-ended questions. All intervention sessions will be audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Observational data and notes from the therapists, assessors, and research team meetings will be collected and reviewed by the research team throughout the study.
After intervention, an average of 2 month
Participation Measure- 3 Domains, 4 Dimensions (PM-3D4D)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
The PM-3D4D is a 19-item measure that was designed to evaluate three domains of participation: Productivity, Social, and Community. Respondents are asked to rate each item on four dimensions: (1) 'Diversity of participation' (yes [1] vs. no [0]); (2) 'Frequency'(5- and 7-point scales, from "never" to "everyday or almost everyday"); (3) 'Desire for change' (yes [1] vs. no[0]); and (4) 'Perceived difficulty' (4-point scale, from "very difficult" [1] to "not difficult at all" [4]). Each dimensional score of the PM-3D4D can be separately summed for each domain. Psychometric properties of the PM-3D4D were established in rehabilitation populations.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Participation Measure- 3 Domains, 4 Dimensions (PM-3D4D)
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The PM-3D4D is a 19-item measure that was designed to evaluate three domains of participation: Productivity, Social, and Community. Respondents are asked to rate each item on four dimensions: (1) 'Diversity of participation' (yes [1] vs. no [0]); (2) 'Frequency'(5- and 7-point scales, from "never" to "everyday or almost everyday"); (3) 'Desire for change' (yes [1] vs. no[0]); and (4) 'Perceived difficulty' (4-point scale, from "very difficult" [1] to "not difficult at all" [4]). Each dimensional score of the PM-3D4D can be separately summed for each domain. Psychometric properties of the PM-3D4D were established in rehabilitation populations.
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Participation Measure- 3 Domains, 4 Dimensions (PM-3D4D)
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The PM-3D4D is a 19-item measure that was designed to evaluate three domains of participation: Productivity, Social, and Community. Respondents are asked to rate each item on four dimensions: (1) 'Diversity of participation' (yes [1] vs. no [0]); (2) 'Frequency'(5- and 7-point scales, from "never" to "everyday or almost everyday"); (3) 'Desire for change' (yes [1] vs. no[0]); and (4) 'Perceived difficulty' (4-point scale, from "very difficult" [1] to "not difficult at all" [4]). Each dimensional score of the PM-3D4D can be separately summed for each domain. Psychometric properties of the PM-3D4D were established in rehabilitation populations.
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Participation Measure- 3 Domains, 4 Dimensions (PM-3D4D)
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
The PM-3D4D is a 19-item measure that was designed to evaluate three domains of participation: Productivity, Social, and Community. Respondents are asked to rate each item on four dimensions: (1) 'Diversity of participation' (yes [1] vs. no [0]); (2) 'Frequency'(5- and 7-point scales, from "never" to "everyday or almost everyday"); (3) 'Desire for change' (yes [1] vs. no[0]); and (4) 'Perceived difficulty' (4-point scale, from "very difficult" [1] to "not difficult at all" [4]). Each dimensional score of the PM-3D4D can be separately summed for each domain. Psychometric properties of the PM-3D4D were established in rehabilitation populations.
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan (rs-fMRI)
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
The Resting-state (rs-fMRI) scan will be administered by a 3T Siemens Magnetom Trio-Tim magnet scanner at National Yang-Ming University. Participants will be asked to keep their eyes closed, heads still, not falling sleep, and think nothing in particular. A T2*-weighted gradient-echo echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence will be employed with TR/TE/FA = 2000 ms/30 ms/90°, 185 time points, resolution: 3×3×3 mm3, 35 axial slides and 6 minutes total scan time. Each participant's relative activity time courses of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response will be collected for analysis.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan (rs-fMRI)
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 1 year follow-up, within 2 weeks
The Resting-state (rs-fMRI) scan will be administered by a 3T Siemens Magnetom Trio-Tim magnet scanner at National Yang-Ming University. Participants will be asked to keep their eyes closed, heads still, not falling sleep, and think nothing in particular. A T2*-weighted gradient-echo echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence will be employed with TR/TE/FA = 2000 ms/30 ms/90°, 185 time points, resolution: 3×3×3 mm3, 35 axial slides and 6 minutes total scan time. Each participant's relative activity time courses of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) response will be collected for analysis.
Change from post-intervention to 1 year follow-up, within 2 weeks
functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan with a Color Stroop task
Time Frame: Change from baseline to immediately post-intervention within 1 week
The functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan with a Stroop task will be administered by a 3T Siemens Magnetom Trio-Tim magnet scanner at National Yang-Ming University. A segmented Stroop modified task programmed with E-Prime package will be administered. Participants will be asked to press the corresponding color of the word as accurately and as soon as possible during the task. The ink color of the word could be congruent or incongruent with the written color name. A total scan time is approximately 7 minutes. Specific regions of interest (ROIs), including prefrontal regions will be selected individually for each subject, using a combination of anatomical and functional criteria. The average beta values of the contrast between different levels of task difficulties in these ROIs will be extracted and analyzed.
Change from baseline to immediately post-intervention within 1 week
functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan with a Color Stroop task
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 1 year follow-up, within 2 weeks
The functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan with a Stroop task will be administered by a 3T Siemens Magnetom Trio-Tim magnet scanner at National Yang-Ming University. A segmented Stroop modified task programmed with E-Prime package will be administered. Participants will be asked to press the corresponding color of the word as accurately and as soon as possible during the task. The ink color of the word could be congruent or incongruent with the written color name. A total scan time is approximately 7 minutes. Specific regions of interest (ROIs), including prefrontal regions will be selected individually for each subject, using a combination of anatomical and functional criteria. The average beta values of the contrast between different levels of task difficulties in these ROIs will be extracted and analyzed.
Change from post-intervention to 1 year follow-up, within 2 weeks
functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of anatomical structure
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
The functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of anatomical structure will be administered by a 3T Siemens Magnetom Trio-Tim magnet scanner at National Yang-Ming University. Participants will be asked to keep their eyes closed, heads still, not falling sleep, and think nothing in particular. A high-resolution three-dimensional MPRAGE sequence will be used to obtain T1-weighted images with 1mm3 isotropic resolution with a scan time of approximately 4.5 min.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of anatomical structure
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 1 year follow-up, within 2 weeks
The functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan of anatomical structure will be administered by a 3T Siemens Magnetom Trio-Tim magnet scanner at National Yang-Ming University. Participants will be asked to keep their eyes closed, heads still, not falling sleep, and think nothing in particular. A high-resolution three-dimensional MPRAGE sequence will be used to obtain T1-weighted images with 1mm3 isotropic resolution with a scan time of approximately 4.5 min.
Change from post-intervention to 1 year follow-up, within 2 weeks
functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan with a Emotion Stroop task
Time Frame: Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
The functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan with a Stroop task will be administered by a 3T Siemens Magnetom Trio-Tim magnet scanner at National Yang-Ming University. A segmented Stroop modified task programmed with E-Prime package will be administered. Participants will be asked to press the corresponding emotion of the word as accurately and as soon as possible during the task. The word representing the emotion could be congruent or incongruent with the background facial expression. A total scan time is approximately 9.5 minutes. Specific regions of interest (ROIs), including prefrontal regions will be selected individually for each subject, using a combination of anatomical and functional criteria. The average beta values of the contrast between different levels of task difficulties in these ROIs will be extracted and analyzed.
Change from baseline to post-intervention within 1 week
functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan with a Emotion Stroop task
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 1 year follow-up, within 2 weeks
The functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging scan with a Stroop task will be administered by a 3T Siemens Magnetom Trio-Tim magnet scanner at National Yang-Ming University. A segmented Stroop modified task programmed with E-Prime package will be administered. Participants will be asked to press the corresponding emotion of the word as accurately and as soon as possible during the task. The word representing the emotion could be congruent or incongruent with the background facial expression. A total scan time is approximately 9.5 minutes. Specific regions of interest (ROIs), including prefrontal regions will be selected individually for each subject, using a combination of anatomical and functional criteria. The average beta values of the contrast between different levels of task difficulties in these ROIs will be extracted and analyzed.
Change from post-intervention to 1 year follow-up, within 2 weeks
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Time Frame: Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a clinician-reported measure consisting of cognition domains such as: visuospatial skills, executive functions, attention, concentration, calculation, language, abstraction, memory, and orientation. The summary score ranges from 0-30 points with higher scores indicating better cognitive function.
Change from post-intervention to 3 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Time Frame: Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a clinician-reported measure consisting of cognition domains such as: visuospatial skills, executive functions, attention, concentration, calculation, language, abstraction, memory, and orientation. The summary score ranges from 0-30 points with higher scores indicating better cognitive function.
Change from 3 month to 6 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Time Frame: Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a clinician-reported measure consisting of cognition domains such as: visuospatial skills, executive functions, attention, concentration, calculation, language, abstraction, memory, and orientation. The summary score ranges from 0-30 points with higher scores indicating better cognitive function.
Change from 6 month to 12 month follow-up, within 2 weeks
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ)
Time Frame: At the time of post-intervention within 1 week
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire is a 8 item questionnaire of 4-point Likert scale reflecting the satisfaction of the treatment. The score is adopted in the form of an average score ranging from 1 to 4 points with a higher score indicating higher satisfaction of the treatment.
At the time of post-intervention within 1 week
Healing encounters and attitudes list patient-provider connection short form (HEAL-PPC)
Time Frame: At the time of post-intervention within 1 week
The Patient-Provider Connection Short Form consists of 7 statements in which participants are asked to rate the degree to which they feel the therapist understands and respects them, and provides them with enough information. Each item is ranked on a 1 to 5 Likert-type scale. The total value of the scale ranges from 7 to 35 with a higher score reflecting more positive perspectives a patient had on the connection between patient and health provider. Scores are summed and then converted to T-score.
At the time of post-intervention within 1 week
Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale
Time Frame: During the procedure
Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale is assessed on a 6-point Likert-type scale reflecting the therapists observations of patient participation. The summary score is transformed to an average score for interpretation. The score ranges from 0-6 points with higher scores indicating better participation in each session.
During the procedure
Level of understanding of the intervention session
Time Frame: During the procedure
Level of understanding of the intervention session is rated by clinicians with a structured questionnaire developed by the research team. A 3 point ordinal scale is administered with a higher score indicating better level of understanding of the intervention session.The total value of the scale depends on the lessons the participant received, ranging from 1*amount of received lessons - 3*amount of received lessons. The score is adopted in the form of average score, ranging from 1 to 3 points.
During the procedure
Healing encounters and attitudes list treatment expectancy short form (HEAL-TE)
Time Frame: baseline, pre-intervention
Healing encounters and attitudes list treatment expectancy short form is a 6-item self-rated measurement designed to assess the expectations of a participant about whether the treatment will be helpful. Each item will be scored in a 5-point Likert scale. The total value of the scale ranges from 5 to 30 with a higher score indicating higher expectation of the treatment. The score is adopted in the form of average score, ranging from 1 to 5 points.
baseline, pre-intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Taipei Medical University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Feng-Hang Chang, Taipei Medical University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 29, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 31, 2022

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 24, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 24, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 26, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 10, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 9, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • N201905030

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

The IPD is not planned to be shared.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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