Characterizing Emmer Seeds and Flours, and Determining the Glycemic Effects of Emmer Breads

April 21, 2021 updated by: Aimilia Papakonstantinou, Agricultural University of Athens

Characterizing the Technological Properties of Emmer Seeds, Flour, and Bread; and Determining the Effect of Emmer Breads on Glycemic Responses in Healthy Humans

This study characterized emmer seeds, flours, and breads, and investigated the effects of emmer breads on the glycemic response

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study aimed to 1. describe the technological characteristics of emmer seeds, flours, and breads, 2. determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of two emmer breads, and 3. to investigate the effects of these breads on postprandial glycemic response in healthy subjects

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
14

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Greece
    • Attica
      • Athens, Attica, Greece, 11855
        • Agricultural University of Athens

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 25 years (ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • healthy
  • non-smoking
  • non-diabetic men and women
  • body mass index (BMI) between 18 and 27 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

  • severe chronic disease (e.g. coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus,kidney or liver conditions, endocrine conditions)
  • gastrointestinal disorders
  • pregnancy
  • lactation
  • competitive sports
  • alcohol
  • drug dependency

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: OTHER
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
  • Masking: SINGLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
EXPERIMENTAL: Glucose as reference food
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 12hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from D-glucose, three times, in different visits as reference food along with 300ml water; and 50g available carbohydrates from emmer bread from Greek emmer seeds, emmer bread from Italian emmer seeds, and whole wheat commercial soft bread, tested once, in different visits. there was a washout period of 2 days between visits. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min after food consumption. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Other: Glucose as reference food
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g glucose diluted in 300ml water, tested three times, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Emmer bread from Greek emmer
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from Greek emmer bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Emmer bread from Italian emmer
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from Italian emmer bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Whole wheat commercial bread
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from whole wheat commercial bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
EXPERIMENTAL: Emmer bread from Greek emmer
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 12hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from D-glucose, three times, in different visits as reference food along with 300ml water; and 50g available carbohydrates from emmer bread from Greek emmer seeds, emmer bread from Italian emmer seeds, and whole wheat commercial soft bread, tested once, in different visits. there was a washout period of 2 days between visits. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min after food consumption. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Other: Glucose as reference food
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g glucose diluted in 300ml water, tested three times, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Emmer bread from Greek emmer
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from Greek emmer bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Emmer bread from Italian emmer
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from Italian emmer bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Whole wheat commercial bread
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from whole wheat commercial bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
EXPERIMENTAL: Emmer bread from Italian emmer
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 12hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from D-glucose, three times, in different visits as reference food along with 300ml water; and 50g available carbohydrates from emmer bread from Greek emmer seeds, emmer bread from Italian emmer seeds, and whole wheat commercial soft bread, tested once, in different visits. there was a washout period of 2 days between visits. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min after food consumption. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Other: Glucose as reference food
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g glucose diluted in 300ml water, tested three times, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Emmer bread from Greek emmer
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from Greek emmer bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Emmer bread from Italian emmer
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from Italian emmer bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Whole wheat commercial bread
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from whole wheat commercial bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
EXPERIMENTAL: Whole wheat commercial bread
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 12hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from D-glucose, three times, in different visits as reference food along with 300ml water; and 50g available carbohydrates from emmer bread from Greek emmer seeds, emmer bread from Italian emmer seeds, and whole wheat commercial soft bread, tested once, in different visits. there was a washout period of 2 days between visits. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min after food consumption. The first glucose sample was taken exactly 15min after the first bite of food or drink.
Other: Glucose as reference food
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g glucose diluted in 300ml water, tested three times, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Emmer bread from Greek emmer
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from Greek emmer bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Emmer bread from Italian emmer
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from Italian emmer bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.
Other: Whole wheat commercial bread
Fourteen healthy, normal weight subjects (male: 6, female: 8) after 10-14 hr fast, consumed 50g available carbohydrates from whole wheat commercial bread, tested once, in different visits, within 5-10min. Fingertip capillary blood glucose samples were taken at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120min.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Capillary blood glucose responses
Time Frame: 2 hours
Clinically useful change in blood glucose, defined as the restoration of glucose within normal limits during the 2hr glucose tolerance test
2 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Subjective appetite ratings
Time Frame: 2 hours
Useful change in subjective appetite using visual analogue scales with a score 0 to 10 (given in the form of booklet,one scale per page) at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. The minimum or maximum score will be evaluated if it is better or worse depending on the appetite variable e.g hunger, satiety, desire to eat etc.
2 hours
Blood pressure
Time Frame: 2 hours
Useful change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and 2hr after consumption of the breads
2 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Agricultural University of Athens

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 1, 2019

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 1, 2019

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 1, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 21, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 21, 2021

First Posted (ACTUAL)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 26, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 26, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 21, 2021

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • HRBD 39 12/07/2019

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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