PIPAC for Peritoneal Metastases

May 11, 2026 updated by: National Cancer Centre, Singapore

Pressurized Intra-Peritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) for Peritoneal Metastases

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a novel drug delivery system that allows the direct application of chemotherapeutic agents into the peritoneal cavity. It boosts improved distribution, enhanced tissue uptake and repeatability using minimally invasive access. It was devised to palliate the local symptoms of extensive peritoneal metastases (PM) in patients who are not amenable to curative surgery. This study is to determine safety and feasibility of PIPAC in patients with PM from Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) cancer, and other rare malignancies.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Suspended

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
25

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Singapore
      • Singapore, Singapore, 169690
        • National Cancer Center Singapore

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

21 years to 99 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

For Unesectable PM Group:

  • Age ≥ 21 years old
  • ECOG < 3
  • Fit for systemic chemotherapy treatment
  • Adequate bone marrow function (haemoglobin ≥ 8.0 mmol/L, neutrophils ≥ 1.5X109/L, platelets ≥ 100X109/L
  • Adequate renal function (e-GFR > 30mls/min for patients undergoing PIPAC with oxaliplatin; e-GFR > 60mls/min for patients undergoing PIPAC with Doxorubicine/Cisplatin)
  • Adequate liver function (Total bilirubin < 1.5 upper limit of normal; ALT and AST< 3 upper limit of normal)
  • No contraindications to chemotherapy agents oxaliplatin, doxorubicin/ cisplatin
  • No contraindications to general anaesthesia and diagnostic laproscopy procedure
  • Normal left ventricular ejection fraction (for patients undergoing PIPAC with doxorubicin/ cisplatin)
  • Histological/ cytological proof of PM from GI, HPB, Gynaecology, Breast, Sarcoma primaries
  • Peritoneal-dominant metastatic disease

For the Extensive PM Group:

All the above mentioned criteria as for the unresectable group, with the addition of the following:

  • Not suitable for curative cytoreductive surgery (CRS) & hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) surgery after diagnostic laproscopy - PCI > 18 in LGI, PCI > 6 in UGI ECOG < 3
  • In UGI PM patients, progression while on bidirectional chemotherapy

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patient is medically unfit for surgery due to concurrent medical comorbidities, including but not limited to intestinal obstruction, multiple sites of metastases
  • Any medical or psychiatric condition(s) which would preclude informed consent
  • Patient is pregnant or nursing
  • GI PM patients with PCI >6 but are treatment naive (these patients should undergo standard treatment - bidirectional intravenous and intraperitoneal chemotherapy)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Unresectable PM group
Patients who have progressed on conventional systemic therapy and PIPAC is used as a palliative strategy.
Combination product: PIPAC
A novel drug delivery system using the CapnoPen device which allows the aerolisation of chemotherapeutic agents within the peritoneal cavity. PIPAC procedure will be carried out with either oxaliplatin or doxorubicin/ cisplatin.
Experimental: Extensive PM group
Patients who have significant volume of peritoneal disease are treated with the intent for potential conversion to curative surgery. Role of PIPAC is as an adjunct to systemic chemotherapy to downstage peritoneal metastases.
Combination product: PIPAC
A novel drug delivery system using the CapnoPen device which allows the aerolisation of chemotherapeutic agents within the peritoneal cavity. PIPAC procedure will be carried out with either oxaliplatin or doxorubicin/ cisplatin.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of patients with major toxicities of at least CTCAE Grade 3 and above
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks after each PIPAC procedure
To determine and safety and feasibility of PIPAC in patients with PM. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) measures Grade 1 to 5, with higher grade indicating greater severity.
Up to 4 weeks after each PIPAC procedure
Number of patients with minor toxicities of CTCAE Grade 1 and 2
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks after each PIPAC procedure
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) measures Grade 1 to 5, with higher grade indicating greater severity.
Up to 4 weeks after each PIPAC procedure
Length of hospitalisation stay for each PIPAC procedure
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of half a year
Through study completion, an average of half a year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Intra-operative Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Index (PCI) score
Time Frame: During each PIPAC procedure
To examine the clinical response of PM after PIPAC. PCI score from 0 to 39 with a higher number representing a greater amount of disease present in the peritoneum.
During each PIPAC procedure
Ascites volume
Time Frame: During each PIPAC procedure
To examine the clinical response of PM after PIPAC
During each PIPAC procedure
Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) from PM biopsy
Time Frame: At each PIPAC procedure
To examine the clinical response of PM after PIPAC
At each PIPAC procedure
Quality of Life Assessment using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) questionnaire
Time Frame: At 4 time points - Baseline (before any PIPAC procedure), pre-2nd PIPAC (Before 2nd PIPAC procedure), pre-3rd PIPAC (before 3rd PIPAC procedure) and 4 weeks post-3rd PIPAC (4 weeks after 3rd PIPAC procedure)
Range: 0-108. A high score represents a better health state
At 4 time points - Baseline (before any PIPAC procedure), pre-2nd PIPAC (Before 2nd PIPAC procedure), pre-3rd PIPAC (before 3rd PIPAC procedure) and 4 weeks post-3rd PIPAC (4 weeks after 3rd PIPAC procedure)
Quality of Life Assessment using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 Quality of life questionnaire
Time Frame: At 4 time points - Baseline (before any PIPAC procedure), pre-2nd PIPAC (Before 2nd PIPAC procedure), pre-3rd PIPAC (before 3rd PIPAC procedure) and 4 weeks post-3rd PIPAC (4 weeks after 3rd PIPAC procedure)
Range: 0-100. A high score for a functional scale represents a high/healthy level of functioning whereas a high score for a symptom scale or item represents a high level of symptomatology or problems.
At 4 time points - Baseline (before any PIPAC procedure), pre-2nd PIPAC (Before 2nd PIPAC procedure), pre-3rd PIPAC (before 3rd PIPAC procedure) and 4 weeks post-3rd PIPAC (4 weeks after 3rd PIPAC procedure)
Progression free survival
Time Frame: From the start of the first PIPAC procedure, up to 5 years
From the start of the first PIPAC procedure, up to 5 years
Overall survival
Time Frame: From the start of the first PIPAC procedure, up to 5 years
From the start of the first PIPAC procedure, up to 5 years
Percentage of patients that convert to curative surgery
Time Frame: From the start of the first PIPAC procedure, up to 24 weeks ± 4 weeks
(Only applicable for Extensive PM group)
From the start of the first PIPAC procedure, up to 24 weeks ± 4 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
National Cancer Centre, Singapore

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Claramae Chia, MBBS, National Cancer Centre, Singapore

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 20, 2021

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 24, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 29, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 9, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 13, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 11, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • PIPAC

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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