Implementation of the Pittsburgh Infant Brain Injury Score (PIBIS)

June 11, 2024 updated by: Rachel Berger MD, MPH, University of Pittsburgh
This is an implementation study of the Pittsburgh Infant Brain Injury Score (PIBIS) into the UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh emergency department. Children less than 1 year of age presenting to the CHP ED for symptoms which place them at increased risk for AHT as defined in the PIBIS validation study will be potentially eligible.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Abusive head trauma is the leading cause of death due to physical abuse. Missing the diagnosis of abusive head trauma (AHT), particularly when it less severe is common and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Over the past 10 years, the investigators have derived and subsequently prospectively validated the Pittsburgh Infant Brain Injury Score (PIBIS), a point of care clinical decision rule to help physicians determine when it is appropriate to obtain neuroimaging in infants who present to the ED for evaluation of soft neurologic signs such as vomiting and fussiness. The results of the NIH multi-center prospective validation were published in 2016 in Pediatrics.

The next step in evaluating PIBIS as a clinical prediction rule is to perform an implementation study. Children less than 1 year of age presenting to the CHP ED for symptoms which place them at increased risk for AHT as defined in the PIBIS validation study will be potentially eligible.

Discrete fields in the electronic health record - including patient age, Emergency Severity Index (ESI), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, temperature and chief complaint - will be used to identify potentially eligible children in a systematic and efficient manner. Children who are potentially eligible based on this initial screen will trigger an alert to the nurse who will then complete a brief powerform to ensure eligibility and assess for inclusion/exclusion criteria. Due to the nature of the research, the investigators will seek a waiver of informed consent as has been done in similar studies at our institution and others. At this point, eligible children will be considered enrolled.

For children enrolled during the intervention period, providers will be presented with a detailed decision support strategy which encourages - but does not require - use of the PIBIS to make clinical decision re: the need for neuroimaging. For children enrolled during the control period, no other clinical decision support will occur. The duration of this evaluation period will be 24 months.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
1989

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Pennsylvania
      • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15224
        • UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

1 month to 11 months (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 30 days to less than 1 year
  • Chief complaint of Apnea, BRUE, Fussiness or Irritability, Lethargy, Neurologic complaint, Poor Feeding-Acute, Seizures/Spells, or Vomiting Alone
  • First temperature in the ED less than or equal to 38.3C
  • Acuity level/ESI of 3, 4, or 5

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of trauma related to this ED encounter
  • Parent reported temperature of greater than 38.3C in the prior 24 hours
  • Prior abnormal neuroimaging
  • Previously enrolled in this study within preceding 28 days
  • Provider preference for any reason

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Control Arm
Completion of nurse powerform and data collection only.
Other: Standard of care
Standard of care, absent the PIBIS powerform and alert for providers.
Experimental: Intervention Arm
Completion of nurse powerform, data collection and physician alert/powerform with score calculation and recommendations.
Other: PIBIS clinical decision support
The intervention is the presence of the PIBIS physician alert and powerform, which is clinical decision support for the treating provider if a patient meets inclusion criteria for Pittsburgh Infant Brain Injury Score (PIBIS) calculation.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Eligibility confirmation
Time Frame: From enrollment to hospital discharge, up to one month
Children identified as eligible by Cerner and confirmed by the nurse powerform as eligible for PIBIS will also be determined to be eligible after chart review and discussion with the clinician (which is how eligibility was determined during the validation study). The primary outcome will be the concordance between these two methods of determining eligibility. A concordance of >90% is the goal.
From enrollment to hospital discharge, up to one month
Proportion of children with PIBIS calculation and recommendations
Time Frame: From enrollment to hospital discharge, up to one month

The proportion of children eligible for PIBIS who

  1. have a PIBIS score calculated and
  2. in whom the provider follows the recommendation by PIBIS OR documents in the EHR the clinical reasoning why they are NOT following the recommendation (e.g. patient being admitted, in-patient team will make decision).
From enrollment to hospital discharge, up to one month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Proportion of children who undergo neuroimaging (head CT or brain MRI) during the control and intervention periods
Time Frame: From enrollment to hospital discharge, up to one month
The proportion of children eligible for PIBIS who undergo neuroimaging (head CT or brain MRI) during the control and intervention periods
From enrollment to hospital discharge, up to one month
Proportion of neuroimaging which demonstrates an abnormality during the control and intervention periods
Time Frame: From enrollment to hospital discharge, up to one month
Proportion of neuroimaging which demonstrates an abnormality during the control and intervention periods
From enrollment to hospital discharge, up to one month
Proportion of all children with each PIBIS score who are ultimately diagnosed with physical abuse by the CHP Child Protection Team
Time Frame: From enrollment to hospital discharge, up to one month
Proportion of all children with each PIBIS score who are ultimately diagnosed with physical abuse by the CHP Child Protection Team
From enrollment to hospital discharge, up to one month
The number of enrolled children who return to the ED within 6 months of enrollment and undergo neuroimaging.
Time Frame: From enrollment to 6 months following hospital discharge
The number of enrolled children who return to the ED within 6 months of enrollment and undergo neuroimaging.
From enrollment to 6 months following hospital discharge

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Pittsburgh

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
The Beckwith Institute

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Rachel Berger, MD, University of Pittsburgh

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 5, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 31, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 31, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 29, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 29, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 5, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 13, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 11, 2024

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • STUDY21010197

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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