Massage as Recovery Strategy After Resistance Training

July 13, 2023 updated by: Flávia Carvalho, São Paulo State University

Massage as a Recovery Strategy After Resistance Training: Randomized Clinical Trial

Within the routine of resistance training, stimulus are implemented to meet predetermined goals for its practitioners. In order for there to be a balance in the imposed loads, a recovery period is necessary for supercompensation to occur. Recovery is a multifactorial process and to consider an individual recovered it is necessary to respect the integration of physiological, biomechanical and psychological factors, in addition, perceptual markers, which are not widely investigated in the literature, seem to be effective recovery markers. Massage is a technique that stands out for its wide use after physical exercise in order to help accelerate the recovery process. In the literature, studies that investigated the influence of massage on performance did not find positive results and some authors question the real need to apply the technique to aid recovery. However, in the perceptual parameters, massage seems to have a good influence, such as pain reduction, perception of fatigue and improvement in the perception of recovery. Thus, understanding the experience that massage can provide during a training period can be an important outcome along with variables already used. The hypothesis of this study is that massage will improve perceptual parameters over a training period and, consequently, will improve the experience between training sessions without positively or negatively interfering in performance.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

A sample of 120 participants will be recruited for the study. This is a parallel randomized controlled clinical trial lasting 4 weeks, each week will consist of 5 resistance training sessions. Participants will be randomized into three groups, control, intervention or placebo. Interventions will take place after training focused on the lower limbs. The intervention group will receive a massage for 16 minutes, in the placebo group the massage cream will be applied and the participants will be asked to remain in the supine position for 16 minutes and the control group will wait the same time at rest. All participants will perform an initial assessment consisting of an initial screening questionnaire, referred morbidity index, jump test and strength test. At the beginning, during and at the end of each lower limb training, after the interventions over 96 hours, the perceptual parameters will be evaluated and the assessment of muscle tone and stiffness, elasticity, mechanical stress relaxation time and creep will be before and after the training and after the intervention. On the second day of the lower limb training on each week, the Squat Jump Test will be evaluated before, after training and after the intervention. At the end of the 4 weeks of training, the participant will perform evaluations of functional and strength outcomes. At the end of the study, the preference of the participant and the cost-benefit of the technique will also be evaluated. Participant satisfaction will be evaluated after the technique. At the end of each week and at the end of the study, a balance of outcomes will be carried out. At the end of the study, the participant will also answer a questionnaire about sensations during training to perform a qualitative analysis. Data will be described as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range depending on the data distribution. Data normality will be tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Comparisons between techniques and associations will be performed using generalized mixed models with post Bonferroni test. All analyzes will assume a significance level of p>0.05.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
58

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Brazil
    • São Paulo
      • Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil, 19060-900
        • São Paulo State University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

14 years to 31 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • age between 18 to 35 years;
  • practice resistance training for at least 2 months;
  • train at least 5 times a week;
  • not having suffered an injury in the last 6 months in the lower limbs;
  • not being a smoker.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • use anti-inflammatory and/or analgesic medication during the study period;
  • present an inflammatory process during the study period;
  • not reaching 80% frequency in lower limb training during the study period.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Massage
The massage will be applied twice a week for a period of four weeks, 10 minutes after the end of lower limb training.
Other: Massage
The massage will be applied for 16 minutes on the quadriceps, calf, hamstrings and lower back bilaterally with 4 different pressures.
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
The massage cream will be applied twice a week for a period of four weeks, 10 minutes after the end of lower limb training.
Other: Placebo
The cream will be applied to the quadriceps, calf, hamstring and lower back bilaterally and the participant will wait 16 minutes lying down in the supine position.
No Intervention: Control
The control group after 10 minutes of the end of lower limb training will remain at rest for 16 minutes.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Perceptual parameters
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks before all lower limb training
Post-Exercise Perception Questionnaire (topic before training). The questionnaire will assess the following perceptual parameters: well-being, physically prepared for training, mentally prepared for training, perception of mental fatigue, lower limb fatigue, lower limb muscle pain, sensation of lower limb muscle tension, lower limb muscle discomfort and perception of recovery. All parameters will be evaluated by a 5-point Likert scale (1=nothing; 2= a little; 3=moderate; 4=a lot; 5=extremely)
Up to 4 weeks before all lower limb training
Perceptual parameters
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks during all lower limb training
Post-Exercise Perception Questionnaire (topic during training). The questionnaire will assess the following perceptual parameters: lower limb fatigue, lower limb muscle pain, sensation of lower limb muscle tension and lower limb muscle discomfort. All parameters will be evaluated by a 5-point Likert scale (1=nothing; 2= a little; 3=moderate; 4=a lot; 5=extremely)
Up to 4 weeks during all lower limb training
Perceptual parameters
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks after all lower limb training
Post-Exercise Perception Questionnaire (topic after training). The questionnaire will assess the following perceptual parameters: well-being, perception of mental fatigue, lower limb fatigue, lower limb muscle pain, sensation of lower limb muscle tension, lower limb muscle discomfort and perception of recovery. All parameters will be evaluated by a 5-point Likert scale (1=nothing; 2= a little; 3=moderate; 4=a lot; 5=extremely)
Up to 4 weeks after all lower limb training
Perceptual parameters
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Post-Exercise Perception Questionnaire (topic after training). The questionnaire will assess the following perceptual parameters: well-being, perception of mental fatigue, lower limb fatigue, lower limb muscle pain, sensation of lower limb muscle tension, lower limb muscle discomfort and perception of recovery. All parameters will be evaluated by a 5-point Likert scale (1=nothing; 2= a little; 3=moderate; 4=a lot; 5=extremely)
Up to 4 weeks after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Perceptual parameters
Time Frame: 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the application of intervention in all lower limb training up to 4 weeks
Post-Exercise Perception Questionnaire (topic between trainings). The questionnaire will assess the following perceptual parameters: well-being, lower limb fatigue, lower limb muscle pain, sensation of lower limb muscle tension, lower limb muscle discomfort and perception of recovery. All parameters will be evaluated by a 5-point Likert scale (1=nothing; 2= a little; 3=moderate; 4=a lot; 5=extremely)
5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after the application of intervention in all lower limb training up to 4 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Inferior limb power
Time Frame: Change from baseline to 4 weeks
Inferior limb power will be measured by the squat jump test (cm)
Change from baseline to 4 weeks
Inferior limb power
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after lower limb training
Inferior limb power will be measured by the squat jump test (cm)
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after lower limb training
Inferior limb power
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in lower limb training
Inferior limb power will be measured by the squat jump test (cm)
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in lower limb training
Lower limb strength
Time Frame: Change from baseline to 4 weeks
Lower limb strength will be measured by the one-repetition maximum test
Change from baseline to 4 weeks
Muscle tone
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after all lower limb training
Muscle tone will be measured in hertz by the MyotonPRO device wich has a probe that will be placed perpendicular to the skin surface on the muscle belly previously marked with a pen by the evaluator at the quadriceps, hamstrings, lumbar multifidus and soleus bilaterally.
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after all lower limb training
Muscle tone
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Muscle tone will be measured in hertz by the MyotonPRO device wich has a probe that will be placed perpendicular to the skin surface on the muscle belly previously marked with a pen by the evaluator at the quadriceps, hamstrings, lumbar multifidus and soleus bilaterally.
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Muscle stiffness
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after all lower limb training
Muscle stiffness will be measured in newton meter by the MyotonPRO device wich has a probe that will be placed perpendicular to the skin surface on the muscle belly previously marked with a pen by the evaluator at the quadriceps, hamstrings, lumbar multifidus and soleus bilaterally.
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after all lower limb training
Muscle stiffness
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Muscle stiffness will be measured in newton meter by the MyotonPRO device wich has a probe that will be placed perpendicular to the skin surface on the muscle belly previously marked with a pen by the evaluator at the quadriceps, hamstrings, lumbar multifidus and soleus bilaterally.
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Elasticity
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after all lower limb training
Elasticity will be measured in logarithmic decrement of natural oscillation (logD) by the MyotonPRO device wich has a probe that will be placed perpendicular to the skin surface on the muscle belly previously marked with a pen by the evaluator at the quadriceps, hamstrings, lumbar multifidus and soleus bilaterally
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after all lower limb training
Elasticity
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Elasticity will be measured in logarithmic decrement of natural oscillation (logD) by the MyotonPRO device wich has a probe that will be placed perpendicular to the skin surface on the muscle belly previously marked with a pen by the evaluator at the quadriceps, hamstrings, lumbar multifidus and soleus bilaterally
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Mechanical stress relaxation time
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after all lower limb training
Mechanical stress relaxation time will be measured in milliseconds by the MyotonPRO device wich has a probe that will be placed perpendicular to the skin surface on the muscle belly previously marked with a pen by the evaluator at the quadriceps, hamstrings, lumbar multifidus and soleus bilaterally.
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after all lower limb training
Mechanical stress relaxation time
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Mechanical stress relaxation time will be measured in milliseconds by the MyotonPRO device wich has a probe that will be placed perpendicular to the skin surface on the muscle belly previously marked with a pen by the evaluator at the quadriceps, hamstrings, lumbar multifidus and soleus bilaterally.
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Creep
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after all lower limb training
Creep (relationship between relaxation time and muscle deformation time) will be measured by the MyotonPRO device wich has a probe that will be placed perpendicular to the skin surface on the muscle belly previously marked with a pen by the evaluator at the quadriceps, hamstrings, lumbar multifidus and soleus bilaterally.
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after all lower limb training
Creep
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Creep (relationship between relaxation time and muscle deformation time) will be measured by the MyotonPRO device wich has a probe that will be placed perpendicular to the skin surface on the muscle belly previously marked with a pen by the evaluator at the quadriceps, hamstrings, lumbar multifidus and soleus bilaterally
Up to 4 weeks change from baseline to after the application of intervention in all lower limb training
Technical preference
Time Frame: Week 4
The participant will be asked about the preference of the technique included in the training routine (yes or no)
Week 4
Technique belief
Time Frame: Week 4
Participants will answer how they believe the technique is cost-effective using a 5 point likert scale (1=poor, 2=bad, 3=indifferent, 4=good, 5=excellent)
Week 4
Participant satisfaction about the technique assessed by a 5-point Likert scale [followed by its scale information in the Description]
Time Frame: Up to 4 weeks immediately after intervention
The participant will be asked about satisfaction of the technique received using a 5 point likert scale (1=completely dissatisfied, 2=dissatisfied, 3=neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, 4=satisfied, 5=completely satisfied)
Up to 4 weeks immediately after intervention
Participant's perception of the training
Time Frame: Week 4
Participants will be asked to answer the open questions for a qualitative analysis: "What positive and/or negative feelings do you have after an lower limb training? Describe how they appear or develop over time, including your activities of daily living.", " Considering the recovery strategy used for you after your lower limb training, talk about: how do you feel during this moment? What do you believe that what is done during this period gives you in relation to recovery? Your preference regarding what to do immediately after training." and "Are there any sensations related to the training you perform that you would like to eliminate? What would they be and would you invest time and/or money to eliminate them?"
Week 4

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
São Paulo State University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Carlos M Pastre, PhD, São Paulo State University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 7, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 28, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
February 28, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
October 15, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 24, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 28, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 17, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 13, 2023

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • ECM_22

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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