Blended Learning in Future Physiotherapy Professionals

April 18, 2023 updated by: David Hernández-Guillén, University of Valencia

Effectiveness of a Heart Disease Blended Learning Program in Future Physiotherapy Professionals: A Prospective Study

Blended Learning (BL) is proving to be an effective method of teaching within the health professions . However, there are still scarce studies on BL conducted with undergraduate physiotherapy students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a heart disease BL programme in knowledge, motivation, engagement, design of the programme instructions and learning behaviours in physiotherapy students.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
124

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Spain
      • Valencia, Spain, 46010
        • University of Valencia

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • studying a Physiotherapy Degree at the aforementioned University
  • to be willing to participate

Exclusion Criteria:

  • none

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Physiotherapy students
The participants performed an 8-week heart disease blended learning program.
Other: Blended learning in heart disease
The intervention included face-to-face classes and online resources (Moodle, online syllabus, videos, websites, podcasts, activities, apps, forums, emails, tutoring).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (CADEQ)
Time Frame: 0 weeks
CADEQ includes 20 closed-ended questions about medical conditions, risk factors, exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial wellbeing with a single-word answer (yes, no). Total score ranges from 0 to 20 (0=poorest knowledge, 20=best knowledge).
0 weeks
Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (CADEQ)
Time Frame: 4 weeks
CADEQ includes 20 closed-ended questions about medical conditions, risk factors, exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial wellbeing with a single-word answer (yes, no). Total score ranges from 0 to 20 (0=poorest knowledge, 20=best knowledge).
4 weeks
Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (CADEQ)
Time Frame: 8 weeks
CADEQ includes 20 closed-ended questions about medical conditions, risk factors, exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial wellbeing with a single-word answer (yes, no). Total score ranges from 0 to 20 (0=poorest knowledge, 20=best knowledge).
8 weeks
Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (CADEQ)
Time Frame: 12 weeks
CADEQ includes 20 closed-ended questions about medical conditions, risk factors, exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial wellbeing with a single-word answer (yes, no). Total score ranges from 0 to 20 (0=poorest knowledge, 20=best knowledge).
12 weeks
Coronary Artery Disease Education Questionnaire (CADEQ)
Time Frame: 20 weeks
CADEQ includes 20 closed-ended questions about medical conditions, risk factors, exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial wellbeing with a single-word answer (yes, no). Total score ranges from 0 to 20 (0=poorest knowledge, 20=best knowledge).
20 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Effect of the Dader Method in Cardiovascular Risk of Patients with Risk Factors or Cardiovascular Disease Questionnaire (EMDADER)
Time Frame: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks
EMDADER is composed of 10 multiple-choice questions with four answer options on coronary artery disease and risk factors, and two questions to report weight and height. Total score ranges from 0 to 10 (0=poorest knowledge, 10=best knowledge).
0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks
Academic Motivation Scale and Attributional Styles Questionnaire
Time Frame: 4, 8 weeks
The tool is composed of 24 items, using a 7-point Likert scale: from 1 (totally disagree) to 7 (totally agree). The scale integrates three domains related to learning motivation: Intrinsic Motivation (9 items), Performance Motivation (7 items) and Extrinsic Motivation (7 items). The maximum score is 7. The scale is prepared to add the different items even if they measure different items. They will not be interpreted separately.
4, 8 weeks
Student Engagement Questionnaire
Time Frame: 4, 8 weeks
It is a 35-item questionnaire, scored on a five-point Likert scale (1=totally disagree, 5=totally agree). The questionnaire is divided into five dimensions: Intellectual Capabilities (items 1-10), Working Together (items 11-16), Teaching (items 17-25), Teacher-student Relationship (items 26-29), and Student-student Relationship (items 30-35). The maximum score of the questionnaire is 5. The scale is prepared to add the different items even if they measure different items. They will not be interpreted separately.
4, 8 weeks
Community of Inquiry Survey
Time Frame: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks
A 34-item questionnaire, scored on a five-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree) that includes three dimensions: i) Cognitive Presence (items 1-13), related to the degree to which participants are able to construct meaning and knowledge through continuous communication, reflection, and discussion; ii) Social Presence (items 14-22), related to the ability of participants to identify with the community, communicating and developing interpersonal relationships; iii) Teaching Presence (items 23-34), referring to the design, guidance and direction, on the part of teachers, of cognitive and social processes with the purpose of achieving the result of meaningful learning in students. The maximum score of the questionnaire is 5. The scale is prepared to add the different items even if they measure different items. They will not be interpreted separately.
0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks
Learning behaviours (I)
Time Frame: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks
Number of downloads were retrieved and collected from the institution's Moodle platform Virtual ClassroomTM, through class progress
0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks
Learning behaviours (II)
Time Frame: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks
Number of topics visited were retrieved and collected from the institution's Moodle platform Virtual ClassroomTM, through class progress
0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks
Learning behaviours (III)
Time Frame: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks
The score of questionnaires were retrieved and collected from the institution's Moodle platform Virtual ClassroomTM, through class progress
0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Valencia

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: David Hernández-Guillén, PT, PhD, University of Valencia

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 1, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 28, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 25, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 7, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
December 9, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 19, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 18, 2023

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • BL_HEART_01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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