Mulligan Ankle Taping on Volleyball Players

August 20, 2025 updated by: Özge Ecem Şenel, Istinye University

Effects of Mulligan Ankle Taping in Volleyball Players With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability

34 volunteer professional volleyball players with (n=12) and without (n=22) CAI will include in the study. Mulligan ankle taping will apply. Measurements will take before and after the intervention. Muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity will measure with MyotonPRO hand-held device. The static balance will measure with single leg stance test(SLST) while the eyes-closed, dynamic balance will measure with the Y balance test(YBT). Single leg hopping test(SLHT) will evaluate performance and an active position sense test will use for JPS. During the static and dynamic balance and performance tests, the ankle's confidence will be evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The study aimed to determine the effect of Mulligan fibular taping over the Tibialis Anterior(TA), Peroneus Longus(PL), Gastrocnemius Lateralis(GCL), and Medialis(GCM) muscles on muscle tone, stiffness, elasticity, as well as the performance, joint position sense(JPS), static and dynamic balance in female volleyball players with and without chronic ankle instability(CAI).

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
34

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
    • Zeytinburnu
      • Istanbul, Zeytinburnu, Turkey, 34010
        • Istinye University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

15 years to 24 years (Child, Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being between the ages of 15-24,
  • Being a professional volleyball player,
  • Training for 90 minutes at least 3 days a week,
  • Turkish native speakers,
  • For participants with chronic ankle instability, those with a Foot and Ankle Disability Index score below 90% and a Foot and Ankle Disability Index-Sport survey score below 75% were included.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • An ankle sprain history in the last 6 weeks,
  • Having a previous history of fracture in the lower extremity,
  • Having bilateral chronic ankle instability,
  • Pregnant athletes were excluded from the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Volleyball players with Chronic Ankle Instability
Before the taping application, the application area of all athletes will be shaved. It will be cleaned with an alcohol wipe before the application so that situations such as sweat or moisture do not reduce the effect of the banding. For taping, while the athlete lies in a supine position on a portable stretcher, the leg weight will be taken by placing the athlete's foot on the abdomen with slight knee and hip flexion. The rigid tape will be measured and cut obliquely starting approximately 2 cm anterior to the fibula and approximately 1 cm anterior to the lateral malleolus and ending in the middle of the anterior tibia region. To increase the strength of the banding, another band will be added to it. In the application, only banding will be preferred and mobilization will not be done.
Other: Mulligan Manuel Therapy Consept
Mulligan ankle taping is a noninvasive, painless, low-cost, and easily applicable technique of the Mulligan manual therapy concept. It is frequently used in cases of ankle instability. In healthy people, it is a method to prevent ankle sprains.
Experimental: Volleybal players without Chronic Ankle Instability
Before the taping application, the application area of all athletes will be shaved. It will be cleaned with an alcohol wipe before the application so that situations such as sweat or moisture do not reduce the effect of the banding. For taping, while the athlete lies in a supine position on a portable stretcher, the leg weight will be taken by placing the athlete's foot on the abdomen with slight knee and hip flexion. The rigid tape will be measured and cut obliquely starting approximately 2 cm anterior to the fibula and approximately 1 cm anterior to the lateral malleolus and ending in the middle of the anterior tibia region. To increase the strength of the banding, another band will be added to it. In the application, only banding will be preferred and mobilization will not be done.
Other: Mulligan Manuel Therapy Consept
Mulligan ankle taping is a noninvasive, painless, low-cost, and easily applicable technique of the Mulligan manual therapy concept. It is frequently used in cases of ankle instability. In healthy people, it is a method to prevent ankle sprains.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Myotonometric Measurement
Time Frame: 4 weeks
MyotonPRO is a wireless handheld device that objectively evaluates the viscoelastic properties of muscles such as tone, stiffness, and elasticity with numerical values. It creates a mechanical effect on the subcutaneous tissue and senses the response of the tissue. The 3-millimeter probe of the device is placed 90 degrees perpendicular to the subcutaneous tissue to be measured. With the measurement, muscle tone, stiffness, and elasticity are listed numerically. Muscle tone will be calculated in hz and muscle stiffness in N/m.
4 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Single Leg Stand Test with Eyes Closed
Time Frame: 4 weeks
This test, which is used to evaluate the static balance ability, is applied with bare feet on a hard and flat surface. During the test, participants are asked to close their eyes, place both hands on the opposite shoulder, and pull the untested leg to the abdomen with a 90-degree flexion angle from the hip and knee. During the test, both legs should maintain this position without touching each other. The test is started as soon as the participant's untested foot is not in contact with the ground, and is terminated when it touches the ground. The test is repeated three times for both the right and left legs and the best result is referenced.
4 weeks
Y Balance Test
Time Frame: 4 weeks
It is a reported dynamic test with good reliability requiring strength, flexibility, and proprioception. It is a dynamic balance criterion applied to athletes and physically active people. This measurement requires a setup first. Three equal-length tapes adhere to the floor with 90°, 135°, and 135° angles between them, and a Y shape is obtained. The directions to be tested are anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial. It is a highly reliable test to determine the risk of CABI and lower extremity injury.
4 weeks
Single Leg Hop Test
Time Frame: 4 weeks
It is a functional performance test. This measurement requires a setup first. The 3-meter tape is placed on the floor. The athlete is asked to jump as far as possible and stay on one leg in the band. The test is invalidated when the participant touches the floor with their untested foot or takes a few more small jumps to maintain their balance after the jump. The distance from the starting level of the band to the heel contact at the end of the jump is measured. This test is repeated 3 times until a successful jump is achieved and the best result is included in the evaluation.
4 weeks
Joint Position Test
Time Frame: 4 weeks
Joint position sense is the ability of the athlete to perceive the joint angle and repeat the same joint angle even if the extremity position changes. The active position sense test is frequently used, especially in the clinic, due to its easy application. While the test athlete's eyes are closed, he/she sits in such a way that the hip flexion angle of 90° and the knee flexion angle of 120° is achieved and the sole is in full contact with the ground. The difference between the right and left dorsiflexion angles is measured with a smartphone from the goniometer application. Dorsiflexion measurement is made by following the midline of the 5th metatarsal bone with a goniometer placed in the lateral malleolus. The athlete's ankle to be tested is passively brought to 10° dorsiflexion and returned to the starting point. Afterward, the athlete is asked to actively bring his ankle to the same angle. The test is repeated three times for both ankles. By subtracting the angle made by the athlete
4 weeks
Confidence in the Ankle
Time Frame: 4 weeks
In order to evaluate the confidence of the athletes in the balance and performance tests, they are asked to score the confidence ratios before and after the intervention with the Visual Analogue Scale. The VAS assessment is performed for the blindfolded one-leg stance test, the Y-star balance test (anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral aspects), and the one-leg hop tests. In order not to mislead the individual, each participant was asked, "How much was your confidence in your ankle during the test?" for each parameter. the question is asked. He is asked to show his confidence in the ankle on a 10 cm line and the distance is measured.
4 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Istinye University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: ÖZGE ECEM E ŞENEL, PT, Istinye University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 22, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 12, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
May 20, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 12, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 3, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 7, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 21, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 20, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 10840098

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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