Efficacy of Low-intensity Shockwave vs Radial Wave for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction and Pelvic Pain (Shockwave)

August 18, 2026 updated by: The Cleveland Clinic

Randomized Controlled Trial of Focused Shockwave, Radial Wave, and Sham Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction and Focused Shockwave and Sham Therapy for Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome in Patients With and Without History of Prostate Cancer

The purpose of this study to perform a randomized, sham controlled analysis of the effectiveness of both fSWT and rWT in the relief of erectile dysfunction and chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

After being informed about the study and potential risks, all patients giving written informed consent will undergo screening to determine eligibility for study entry. Participants who meet eligibility requirements will be randomized in a double blind manner (participant and investigator) to each treatment arm depending on their primary complaint. Participants with erectile dysfunction will be randomized 2:2:1 to either fSWT, rWT or sham therapy. Patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome will be randomized 1:1 to either fSWT with pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) or PFPT with sham treatment.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
186

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Ohio
      • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195
        • Recruiting
        • Cleveland Clinic Foundation
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Petar Bajic, MD
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Erectile Dysfunction Group (ED) Inclusion Criteria (ED): (all of the following)

  1. Cis-gendered heterosexual adult males18 years old
  2. Stable relationship of more than 3 months duration with currently willing sexual partner and desire for penetration.
  3. Mild to moderate organic erectile dysfunction (IIEF-EF score 11-25) in the last 3 months
  4. If ED responsive or partially responsive to current use of PDE5I, participant must be willing to discontinue PDE5I for 4 weeks prior to trial and remain off PDE5I for the duration of the study. Partially responsive ED is defined as inadequate response for desired sexual activity, or poorly maintained erection despite initially good response.
  5. Agreeable to attempt sexual intercourse at least 4 times per month for duration of study without being under the influence of alcohol or recreational drugs
  6. Morning total testosterone level over 300ng/dL

Exclusion Criteria (ED):

  1. Nerve-injury related ED (/spinal cord injury, severe lumbosacral disorder (radiculopathy, spinal stenosis) or other neurological disease affecting erectile functions (e.g, multiple sclerosis, alzheimer's disease, parkinsons disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
  2. Untreated hypogonadism (morning total testosterone <300 ng/dL) or on androgen deprivation therapy in the last 12 months
  3. Predominately psychogenic ED based upon expert clinician opinion
  4. Peyronie's disease, palpable plaque or curvature/penile anatomic abnormality that affects penetrative intercourse to any degree
  5. History of non-superficial penile surgery (e.g, penile prosthesis, penectomy, plication, grafting)
  6. History of penile injury or trauma (e.g, priapism, penile fracture)
  7. Use of intracavernosal injection for ED within the last year
  8. If diabetic, HbA1c 8% or higher within the past 12 months
  9. Known corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction based on prior Doppler penile ultrasound
  10. Current tobacco smoker, or has smoked in the past year
  11. Poorly controlled hyperlipidemia
  12. Poorly controlled hypertension
  13. Severe cardiac disease or history of myocardial infarction
  14. History of psychiatric disorder including bipolar disorder, current moderate or severe depression
  15. Patients currently using SSRI or psychotropic medication
  16. Severe ED based on IIEF-EF (score 10 or below)
  17. Current acute prostatitis

Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Group:

Inclusion Criteria (CPPS): (all of the following)

  1. Adult males ≥18 years old
  2. Chronic pelvic pain not explained by concurrent urinary tract infections. urine)
  3. Willing to do PFPT

Exclusion criteria (CPPS):

  1. Nerve-injury related pelvic pain (history of /spinal cord injury, severe lumbosacral disorder (radiculopathy, spinal stenosis) or other neurological disease affecting pain in the pelvic region(Multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Parkinsons disease)
  2. Acute prostatitis or any acute infection of the pelvic region
  3. History of pelvic trauma

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: fSWT
Focused Shock wave treatments
Device: Focused shockwave
Storz Duolith SD-1 (Storz Medical, Tagerwilen, Switzerland)
Active Comparator: rWT
Radial wave treatments
Device: Radial wave
Zimmer enPuls Pro (Zimmer MedizinSysteme GmbH, Neu-Ulm, Germany)
Sham Comparator: Sham
Sham treatments
Device: Sham treatment
Handheld sham probe

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Erectile Dysfunction
Time Frame: baseline, 3 and 6 months
To evaluate change/minimum clinically important difference (MCID) of International Index of Erectile Function score. Score varies according to baseline ED severity, generally requiring higher value for more severe symptoms.
baseline, 3 and 6 months
Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome:
Time Frame: baseline, 3 and 6 months
To evaluate change/MCID in Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI) score. Score varies according to baseline ED severity, generally requiring higher value for more severe symptoms.
baseline, 3 and 6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Erectile Dysfunction
Time Frame: baseline, 3 and 6 months
SEP- Sexual Encounter Profile Questionnaire (log diary 5-item questionnaire with yes/no questions after sexual attempt)
baseline, 3 and 6 months
Erectile Dysfunction
Time Frame: baseline, 3 and 6 months
GAQ- Global Assessment Questionnaire. Two yes/no questions assessing for improvement in sexual function.
baseline, 3 and 6 months
Erectile Dysfunction
Time Frame: baseline, 3 and 6 months
EHS- Erection Hardness Score measuring erection hardness with a higher score indicating more rigidity.
baseline, 3 and 6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
The Cleveland Clinic

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Petar Bajic, MD, The Cleveland Clinic

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 19, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 11, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 11, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 22, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 19, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 18, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 23-103

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

Yes

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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