Driving Pressure During General Anesthesia for Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery (GENERATOR) (GENERATOR)

January 28, 2025 updated by: Prof. Dr. Marcus J. Schultz, Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)

Driving Pressure During General Anesthesia for Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery (GENERATOR) - a Randomized Clinical Trial

The purpose of this international multicenter, patient and outcome-assessor blinded randomized controlled trial is to determine whether the application of an individualized high Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) strategy with recruitment maneuvers, aiming at avoiding an increase in the driving pressure during intraoperative ventilation, protects against the development of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing minimally invasive abdominal surgery.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
1806

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion criteria:

  1. age > 18 years; AND
  2. scheduled for minimally invasive abdominal surgery; AND
  3. at increased (i.e., intermediate or high) risk of PPCs according to the 'Assess Respiratory risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia' (ARISCAT) risk score (≥ 26 points, see Appendix I); OR at increased risk of PPCs based on the combination of age > 40 years, scheduled surgery lasting > 2 hours and planned to receive an intra-arterial catheter for blood pressure monitoring during the surgery; AND
  4. signed written informed consent

Exclusion criteria:

  1. planned for open abdominal surgery;
  2. planned for surgery in lateral or prone position;
  3. planned for combined abdominal and intra-thoracic surgery
  4. confirmed pregnancy;
  5. consent for another interventional trial during anesthesia;
  6. having received invasive ventilation > 30 minutes within the last five days;
  7. any previous lung surgery;
  8. history of previous severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with (noninvasive) ventilation or oxygen therapy at home or repeated systemic corticosteroid therapy for acute exacerbations of COPD;
  9. history of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS);
  10. expected to require postoperative ventilation;
  11. expected hemodynamic instability or intractable shock;
  12. severe cardiac disease (New York Heart Association class III or IV, acute coronary syndrome or persistent ventricular tachyarrhythmia's).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Individualized high PEEP strategy with recruitment maneuvers
The intervention is intraoperative ventilation using the available ventilator with individualized high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titrated to the lowest driving pressure (ΔP) with recruitment maneuvers (RMs). After abdominal insufflation, patients randomized to the individualized high PEEP with RMs group will receive a RM followed by a 'decremental PEEP trial'. This is followed by a second RM after which PEEP is set at the level indicated by the decremental PEEP trial.
Procedure: Intraoperative ventilation with individualized high PEEP titrated to the lowest ΔP with RMs
The intervention is intraoperative ventilation using the available ventilator with individualized high PEEP titrated to the lowest ΔP with RMs. After abdominal insufflation, patients randomized to the individualized high PEEP with RMs group will receive a RM followed by a 'decremental PEEP trial'. This is followed by a second RM after which PEEP is set at the level indicated by the decremental PEEP trial
Other Names:
  • Individualized high PEEP strategy with recruitment maneuvers
No Intervention: Standard low PEEP strategy without recruitment maneuvers
Patients randomized to the standard low PEEP group will receive 5 cm H2O PEEP for the complete duration of general anesthesia. They will neither receive one of the planned RMs nor a decremental PEEP trial.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Proportion of participants developing one or more postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs)
Time Frame: The first 5 postoperative days
A composite of the following pulmonary complications: mild respiratory failure; severe respiratory failure; bronchospasm; suspected pulmonary infection; pulmonary infiltrate; aspiration pneumonitis; atelectasis; acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); pleural effusion; cardiopulmonary edema; pneumothorax
The first 5 postoperative days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Intraoperative complications
Time Frame: For the duration of general anesthesia, these outcomes are scored every hour up to a maximum of 18 hours
Including: any episode of desaturation; any episode of hypotension; any need for vasoactive agents, either as bolus or continuous administration, defined as more than needed to compensate for vasodilating effects of anesthesia as judged by the attending anesthesiologist and any new arrhythmias needing intervention
For the duration of general anesthesia, these outcomes are scored every hour up to a maximum of 18 hours
Intraoperative fluid strategy
Time Frame: During general anesthesia
Including the total amount of fluids administered during anesthesia, including the amounts of colloids, crystalloids, and blood products
During general anesthesia
Impaired wound healing
Time Frame: The first 5 postoperative days
Impaired wound healing, as judged and mentioned in the medical record by the attending ward physician;
The first 5 postoperative days
Postoperative extrapulmonary complications
Time Frame: The first 5 postoperative days
Including: sepsis; septic shock; extrapulmonary infection; anastomotic leak and acute renal failure
The first 5 postoperative days
Mortality
Time Frame: Postoperative day 5, day 30 and day 90
All-cause mortality at day 5, day 30 and 90, and in-hospital mortality
Postoperative day 5, day 30 and day 90
Length of stay
Time Frame: Postoperatively until the end of the 90 day follow-up period
Length of hospital stay (days); length of ICU admission if applicable (days);
Postoperatively until the end of the 90 day follow-up period
Oxygen use
Time Frame: The first 5 postoperative days
Postoperative supplemental oxygen use (days). Presence, duration and levels of postoperative supplemental oxygen
The first 5 postoperative days
Antibiotics use
Time Frame: The first 5 postoperative days
Use of antibiotics for pneumonia (proportion of patients who received antibiotics)
The first 5 postoperative days
Thoracic imaging
Time Frame: The first 5 postoperative days
Occurence of imaging (chest X-ray, computed tomography scan). Proportion of patients who underwent thoracic imaging.
The first 5 postoperative days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA)

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
University Medical Center Groningen
Maastricht University Medical Center
Medical University Innsbruck
Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep
The Netherlands Cancer Institute
Leiden University Medical Center
Dijklander Ziekenhuis
Hospital Universitario La Fe
Albert Schweitzer Hospital
Maasstad Hospital
Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis
Zaans Medical Center
Spaarne Gasthuis
Isala
Ospedale Policlinico San Martino
Medisch Spectrum Twente
University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus
Alrijne Hospital
HagaZiekenhuis

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Marcus Schultz, Professor, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC
  • Principal Investigator: Markus Hollmann, Professor, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC
  • Principal Investigator: David van Meenen, PhD, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC
  • Principal Investigator: Sabrine Hemmes, PhD, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 11, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 1, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 19, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 24, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 26, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 28, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • NL82971.018.23

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

Interested researchers can contact the Principal Investigator for a collaboration after which an agreement will be discussed.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

After the main paper has been published. No end-date has been specified for now.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

The applicable researcher can contact the Principal investigator with their idea of using the data, preferably accompanied by a statistical analysis plan

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Conditions

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