Urine-based Molecular Testing vs Cystoscopy for Surveillance of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC)

January 21, 2026 updated by: Mark D. Tyson II, M.D., M.P.H., Mayo Clinic

A Randomized Cross-Over Study to Evaluate Patient Preference and Satisfaction With Urine-based Molecular Testing Versus Cystoscopy for Surveillance of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC)

The purpose of this study is to evaluate patient-reported preference for urine based molecular testing (CxBladder Monitor) compared to cystoscopy for patients on surveillance for Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC). Urine based molecular testing involves noninvasive testing of a urine sample for biomarkers associated with disease recurrence. Cystoscopy is an examination of the bladder and urethra using a thin tube like instrument that is inserted into the urethra.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
107

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Arizona
      • Scottsdale, Arizona, United States, 85259
        • Mayo Clinic in Arizona

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Male or female adult patients who are undergoing cystoscopic surveillance for NMIBC after at least 9 months of recurrence-free survival.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Male or female with a history of histologically confirmed nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who have at least 6 months of disease-free survival from last recurrence.
  • Able to provide urine for testing and comply with study protocol.
  • Have an email address and be willing to complete surveys online.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of non-urothelial bladder cancer (primary squamous, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma)
  • Patients with predominant (>50%) variant histology
  • Patients with a history of upper tract and/or urethral cancer
  • Women who are pregnant

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Arm A: CxBladder followed by cystoscopy
Arm A will undergo testing with CxBladder 3 months after randomization followed by a cystoscopy 3 months thereafter
Diagnostic test: CxBladder Monitor
CxBladder Monitor (CxbM) is an FDA-approved genomic biomarker test specifically designed for patients undergoing surveillance for NMIBC. The non-invasive urine test quantifies 5 measured biomarker genes (MDK, HOXA13, CDC2 (CDK1), IGFBP5, CXCR2) and incorporates this information into an algorithm to detect the presence or absence of bladder cancer.
Other Names:
  • CxBladder
  • CxbM
Diagnostic test: Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy is the most common way surveillance has been performed for NMIBC. Cystoscopy is a procedure that allows your doctor to examine the lining of your bladder and the tube that carries urine out of your body (urethra). A hollow tube (cystoscope) equipped with a lens is inserted into your urethra and slowly advanced into your bladder.
Arm B: cystoscopy followed by CxBladder
Arm B will undergo cystoscopy 3 months after randomization followed by testing with CxBladder 3 months thereafter.
Diagnostic test: CxBladder Monitor
CxBladder Monitor (CxbM) is an FDA-approved genomic biomarker test specifically designed for patients undergoing surveillance for NMIBC. The non-invasive urine test quantifies 5 measured biomarker genes (MDK, HOXA13, CDC2 (CDK1), IGFBP5, CXCR2) and incorporates this information into an algorithm to detect the presence or absence of bladder cancer.
Other Names:
  • CxBladder
  • CxbM
Diagnostic test: Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy is the most common way surveillance has been performed for NMIBC. Cystoscopy is a procedure that allows your doctor to examine the lining of your bladder and the tube that carries urine out of your body (urethra). A hollow tube (cystoscope) equipped with a lens is inserted into your urethra and slowly advanced into your bladder.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Preference for CxBladder Monitor compared to cystoscopy
Time Frame: Up to 6 months
Patient preference will be assessed based on the Preference Questionnaire (PQ) after completion of the study cross-over period (after both methods of testing have been experienced).
Up to 6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Patient satisfaction
Time Frame: Up to 6 months
Patient satisfaction will be assessed based on the Satisfaction Questionnaire (SQ) after completion of each test at 3 and 6 months.
Up to 6 months
Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory- Short Form (FCRI-SF)
Time Frame: Up to 6 months
Health-related quality of life will be assessed based on the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory- Short Form (FCRI-SF) at baseline, 3 months (within 1 week of test), and 6 months (within 1 week of test). The nine-item FCRI evaluates the presence and severity of intrusive thoughts associated with FCR. Each item is rated on a Likert scale ranging from 0 ("not at all" or "never") to 4 ("a great deal' or "all the time"). A higher score indicates higher levels of FCR.
Up to 6 months
Change in symptoms and function - EORTC NMIBC-24
Time Frame: Up to 6 months
The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire - Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (EORTC NMIBC-24) will be used to assess Health-related quality of life. The questionnaire consists of 24 items scored on a four-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much), with the exception of the global health status items, which employ a seven-point scale ranging from 1 (very poor) to 7 (excellent). Higher scores are interpreted as more symptom burden, with exception of the sexual function and sexual enjoyment sections, where higher scores represent better functioning.
Up to 6 months
Financial costs
Time Frame: Up to 6 months
Assessed by patient responses to questions about missed work and time missed from usual activities.
Up to 6 months
Error rate identifying recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC)
Time Frame: Up to 6 months
Error rate for CxBladder is defined as the proportion of patients who have a negative CxBladder at 3 months but have a recurrence identified on cystoscopy at 6 months for patients in arm A. The error rate for cystoscopy is defined as the proportion of patients who have a negative cystoscopy at 3 months but have a positive CxBladder at 6 months that is subsequently confirmed by cystoscopy for patients in arm B.
Up to 6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Mayo Clinic

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Mark D. Tyson, M.D., M.P.H., Mayo Clinic

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 16, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 8, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 8, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 7, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 7, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 13, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 23, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 21, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • MDT-CxB-01 (Principal Investigator Protocol Number)
  • 23-008567 (Other Identifier: Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board)
  • NCI-2023-09278 (Registry Identifier: Clinical Trials Reporting Program (CTRP))

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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