Effects of Isotonic Beetroot Supplementation on Sprint Interval Exercise Performance

April 10, 2025 updated by: Stephen Burns, Nanyang Technological University

The Effects of Isotonic Beetroot Supplementation on Sprint Interval Exercise Performance.

This study aims to examine the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on sprint interval cycling exercise performance. Twenty-four participants (male or female) will undertake a randomized, crossover trial where they consume either (i) an isotonic beetroot juice drink containing nitrate (12.9 mmol) for 5 days or (ii) an isotonic sports drink (no nitrate) for 5 days. On Day 5 of each trial, participants will come to the laboratory and 2 hours after consuming their allocated drink will complete a 6 bouts of sprint interval exercise. Power output during cycling will be measured as the primary outcome measure. Salivary and plasma measures of nitrate and nitrite will be taken over the course of the morning on Day 5. After a 5-day washout period participants will crossover and begin their second trial.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study aims to examine the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on sprint interval cycling exercise performance. Twenty-four participants (male or female) will undertake a randomized, crossover trial where they consume either (i) an isotonic beetroot juice drink containing nitrate (12.9 mmol) for 5 days or (ii) an isotonic sports drink (no nitrate) for 5 days. Drinks will be equivalent in isotonicity and colored the same so that participants and investigators will be blinded to each trial. Randomization and drink allocation will be completed by a third person not associated with the study team. On Day 5 of each trial, participants will come to the laboratory and 2 hours after consuming their allocated drink will complete a 6 bouts of sprint interval exercise (10 second all-out maximal sprints interspersed with 50 seconds rest). Power output (peak and mean) during cycling sprints will be measured as the primary outcome measure. Salivary measures of nitrate/nitrite will be taken at three time points over the course of the morning on Day 5 - (i) pre-drink consumption; (ii) 2 hours post-drink consumption; and (iii) post-exercise. Plasma measures of nitrate and nitrite will be taken at two time points over the course of the morning on Day 5 - (i) pre-drink consumption; and (ii) 2 hours post-drink consumption. Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) will be used to measure muscle (vastus lateralis) oxygenation during cycling bouts. A Stroop test to measure inhibition (executive function) will be taken pre- and post-exercise. Sensory perception of the drink will be measured immediately post-consumption on Day 5. After a 5-day washout period participants will crossover and begin their second trial.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
24

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Singapore
      • Singapore, Singapore, 637616
        • Human Bioenergetics Laboratory, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age: 21 - 40 years
  • Healthy and injury-free (e.g., no cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, orthopaedic impairment that interferes with moderate-to-vigorous exercise)
  • Blood pressure < 130/90 mmHg
  • Be physically active: Engaging in a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity each week.
  • Recreational cyclist (Minimum 1 hour cycling per week).
  • Body mass index: 18.5-25 kg/m2
  • Non-smoker
  • Asian

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Any allergies to beetroot or isotonic drink.
  • Asthma
  • Any diagnosed form of cardiometabolic disease (heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure).
  • Any symptoms contraindicating exercise testing (e.g. chest pains).
  • Any balance or dizziness problems.
  • Any chronic medical conditions (whether medicated or not).
  • Any bone joint problems.
  • Any Physician diagnosed contraindications to exercise.
  • Any other health problems that may be a cause for concern or contraindication to exercise.
  • Any recent Covid vaccination (within last 2 weeks).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: High nitrate
High nitrate isotonic drink
Other: Dietary Supplement: High nitrate isotonic drink
High nitrate (12.9 mmol) drink with carbohydrate and minerals
Active Comparator: No nitrate
No nitrate isotonic drink
Other: Dietary Supplement: No nitrate isotonic drink
Carbohydrate and mineral isotonic drink

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Power output during maximal sprint cycling
Time Frame: 2 hours after drink ingestion
Peak and mean power output
2 hours after drink ingestion

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Plasma nitrate and nitrite
Time Frame: Pre-drink and 2 hours post-drink
Plasma nitrate and nitrite
Pre-drink and 2 hours post-drink
Salivary nitrate
Time Frame: Pre-drink, 2 hours post-drink and immediately post-exercise (2.5 hours post-drink)
Salivary nitrate/nitrite concentration
Pre-drink, 2 hours post-drink and immediately post-exercise (2.5 hours post-drink)
Muscle oxygenation
Time Frame: During exercise (2-2.5 hours post drink)
Near infra-red spectroscopy
During exercise (2-2.5 hours post drink)
Sensory evaluation (Acceptance and Preference Test Evaluation by Meilgaard et al 2007)
Time Frame: Immediately post-drink (1 minute post-drink)
Drink taste and perception (7-point scale - 1 extremely dislike to 7 extremely like)
Immediately post-drink (1 minute post-drink)
Stroop test
Time Frame: Immediately pre- (2 hours post-drink) and immediately post-exercise (2.5 hours post drink)
Reaction time and correct answers
Immediately pre- (2 hours post-drink) and immediately post-exercise (2.5 hours post drink)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Nanyang Technological University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 20, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 31, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
May 31, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 20, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 31, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 5, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 13, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 10, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • IRB-2023-972

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

All published data will be placed into the Data Repository of Nanyang Technological University National Institute of Education for public access upon publication.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Upon publication - permanent repository

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Public repository - exact web address available upon publication.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • ANALYTIC_CODE

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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