Brief Admission by Self-referral for Individuals With Self-harm: Effects on Compulsory Care

August 10, 2025 updated by: Region Skane
Brief Admission by self-referral (BA) is a standardized treatment model, providing patient-controlled and person-centered care. It was developed to reduce self-harm and compulsory care by promoting autonomy. Randomized clinical trials have not yielded significant between group differences with respect to inpatient care, including compulsory care. The major difficulty in evaluating BA is preventing the control group from cross-contamination, as in the implementation process of BA, all physicians, all inpatient and outpatient staff as well as managers need to be informed and undergo basic education regarding the intervention. As BA addresses a prevalent and frustrating issue in psychiatric health care, there is considerable risk that the approach leaks to the control group, reducing the possibility to detect between-group differences. In the current study this will be addressed through a register-based approach, comparing similar clinics, implementing BA at different timepoints over time. Individuals with traits of borderline personality disorder will be included and comparisons will be made with respect to compulsory care, voluntary inpatient care and mortality.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
7000

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Individuals with repeated self-harm and traits of Borderline personality disorder

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Living in the uptake area of Lund, Linköping, Helsingborg or Norrköping
  • Age 18-65 years at the time of inclusion
  • Admitted to hospital either diagnosed with ICD-10 diagnosis BPD F60.3, or admitted at least twice with Intentional self-harm X60-83 in combination with one of more of the following diagnoses ADHD (F90.0-F90.X), Bipolar disorder type 2, (F31.8W, F318A-F, F31.0, F31.8-9, F31.8W) or Autism, Atypical autism, Aspergers syndrome (F84.0, F84.1, F84.5) or Mild intellectual disability (F70.0-F70.9).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • not fulfilling inclusion criteria

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Lund 2010-09-15-2015-09-14
Lund, before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral
Lund 2015-09-15-2020-09-14
Lund, after implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Lund, before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Linköping
Other: Brief Admission by self-referral (BA)
Through means of an individualised contract access to self-referral to inpatient treatment limited to a maximum of three nights, three times per month.
Other Names:
  • Patient initiated Brief admission
  • Self-referral to inpatient treatment
  • Patient controlled hospital admission
Lund 2020-09-15-2025-09-14
Lund, after implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Lund and in Linköping
Other: Brief Admission by self-referral (BA)
Through means of an individualised contract access to self-referral to inpatient treatment limited to a maximum of three nights, three times per month.
Other Names:
  • Patient initiated Brief admission
  • Self-referral to inpatient treatment
  • Patient controlled hospital admission
Linköping 2010-09-15-2015-09-14
Linköping before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral
Linköping 2015-09-15-2020-09-14
Linköping after implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Lund, before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Linköping
Linköping 2020-09-15-2025-09-14
Linköping after implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Lund and in Linköping
Other: Brief Admission by self-referral (BA)
Through means of an individualised contract access to self-referral to inpatient treatment limited to a maximum of three nights, three times per month.
Other Names:
  • Patient initiated Brief admission
  • Self-referral to inpatient treatment
  • Patient controlled hospital admission
Helsingborg 2014-02-15-2017-02-14
Helsingborg before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral
Helsingborg 2017-02-15-2020-02-14
Helsingborg after implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Helsingborg, before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Norrköping
Other: Brief Admission by self-referral (BA)
Through means of an individualised contract access to self-referral to inpatient treatment limited to a maximum of three nights, three times per month.
Other Names:
  • Patient initiated Brief admission
  • Self-referral to inpatient treatment
  • Patient controlled hospital admission
Helsingborg 2020-02-15-2023-02-14
Helsingborg after implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Helsingborg and in Norrköping
Other: Brief Admission by self-referral (BA)
Through means of an individualised contract access to self-referral to inpatient treatment limited to a maximum of three nights, three times per month.
Other Names:
  • Patient initiated Brief admission
  • Self-referral to inpatient treatment
  • Patient controlled hospital admission
Norrköping 2014-02-15-2017-02-14
Norrköping before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral
Norrköping 2017-02-15-2020-02-14
Norrköping after implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Helsingborg, before implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Norrköping
Norrköping 2020-02-15-2023-02-14
Norrköping after implementation of Brief Admission by self-referral in Helsingborg and in Norrköping
Other: Brief Admission by self-referral (BA)
Through means of an individualised contract access to self-referral to inpatient treatment limited to a maximum of three nights, three times per month.
Other Names:
  • Patient initiated Brief admission
  • Self-referral to inpatient treatment
  • Patient controlled hospital admission

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Days with compulsory admission
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Days with compulsory admission (days/year)
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Days with voluntary psychiatric admission
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Days with voluntary psychiatric admission (days/year)
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Duration of free intervals between admissions
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Duration of free intervals between admissions (days)
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Mortality
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
All cause mortality as well as death by suicide specifically (X60-X84 and Y10-Y34 in ICD10)
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Number of compulsory admissions
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Number of compulsory admissions (admissions/year)
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Number of voluntary psychiatric admissions (admissions/year)
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Number of voluntary psychiatric admissions
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Number of compulsory acts/year
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Number of compulsory acts/year
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Gender distribution
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Differences in distribution of diagnoses between men and women
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Number of admissions with Brief admission by self-referral (BA)
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Number of BA admissions (admissions/year)
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Compulsory admission - median length
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Compulsory admission - median length (days/admission)
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Voluntary psychiatric admissions - median length
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Voluntary psychiatric admissions - median length (days/admission)
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Number of voluntary psychiatric admissions
Time Frame: 2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14
Number of voluntary psychiatric admissions (admissions/year)
2010-09-15 - 2025-09-14

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Region Skane

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Lund University
Linkoeping University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Sofie Sofie, PhD, Lund University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 15, 2010

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 31, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 31, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 19, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 7, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 9, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 14, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 10, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2022-02307-01

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

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