The Effect of Transtheoretical Model Based Healthy Internet Use Programme on Problematic Internet Use, Social Skills and Self-Efficacy Level

January 17, 2025 updated by: KTO Karatay University

The Effect of Transtheoretical Model Based Healthy Internet Use Programme Supported by Mindfulness Exercise on Problematic Internet Use, Social Skills and Self-Efficacy Levels of Adolescents

Adolescence is an important developmental stage to promote positive behaviours and prevent psychological difficulties. Internet addiction problems are more common among children and adolescents worldwide. During adolescence, when many changes such as maturation and gaining autonomy are experienced, the internet is used to escape from responsibilities in life and to cope with adaptation problems. Internet addiction brings many different problems such as changing behavioural changes, deterioration in social functions, and decrease in academic success. For this reason, psychosocial and model-based interventions are important in reducing adolescents' internet addiction and ensuring safe internet use. It is emphasised that behavioural interventions and awareness practices should be started at an early age to reduce problematic internet use (Ding & Li,.2023). Since adolescents spend most of their time at school, schools are very important for the acquisition of healthy behaviours (Throuvala, et al. 2019; Yeun & Han, 2016). Providing access to students in schools is necessary to reach more students and prepare a suitable learning environment (Throuvala, et al 2019). When the literature is examined, it is proven that school-based programmes are effective for adolescents to develop positive behaviours on various issues (Spaas et al 2023; Grande et al 2023). Especially in schools, it is necessary to support healthy internet use and self-efficacy with awareness studies that will prevent adolescents' internet addiction through educational programmes. TTM or mindfulness programmes applied to different age groups have been found to be effective in reducing internet use problems (Chang et al 2023; Hafez et al 2023). However, school-based studies on reducing problematic internet use in Turkey are very few. It is important to conduct school-based internet addiction studies in order to benefit science and society in terms of this deficiency in Turkey. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of Transtheoretical (Behaviour Change) Model and Mindfulness-Based Healthy Internet Use Programme on problematic internet use, social skills and self-efficacy levels of adolescents. This study aims to determine the effect of Transtheoretical Model Based Healthy Internet Use Programme Supported by Mindfulness Exercise on Problematic Internet Use, Social Skills and Self-Efficacy Level. This research is a randomised controlled study designed in experimental type, pre-test post-test design. The research will be conducted in Namık Kemal Secondary School in Meram district of Konya province. The sample group was determined as 37 intervention and 37 control groups, totalling 66 students. The pre-test data of the intervention and control groups will be collected by the researcher in the classroom environment before the programme starts and the post-test data will be collected after the programme is completed. In order to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of the students and to form appropriate groups, the Personal Information Form created by the researcher will be used to determine the Internet addiction levels of the students, the Internet Addiction Scale will be used to determine the Internet addiction levels of the students, the Self-Efficacy Scale for Children and the Social Emotional Learning Skills Scale will be used to evaluate the self-efficacy of the students. In the study, data will be collected in two stages (pre-test and post-test) based on self-report with a face-to-face questionnaire form in the classroom environment. At the end of the programme, it is expected that students' internet addiction will decrease and their social support and self-efficacy levels will increase.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
74

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • To be between 13-15 years old
  • Knowing Turkish
  • Those who scored 50 points or more on the internet addiction scale
  • Volunteering to participate in the research
  • Parental consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participants in a similar accompanying programme

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Intervention Group
Healthy Internet Use Programme will be carried out as one session per week for 8 weeks. The training programme will be carried out by dividing the students into 2 groups (the first group is 18 and the second group is 19 people). The training programme will be applied to the groups two days in the same week at the times determined by the guidance teacher. Interventions will be applied to the intervention group with trainings, homework applications and interventions to increase healthy internet use.
Behavioral: Transtheoretical Model Based Healthy Internet Use Programme Intervention Supported by Mindfulness Exercise Applied to Adolescents
Transtheoretical Model Based Healthy Internet Use Programme Supported by Mindfulness Exercise will be carried out as one session per week for 8 weeks. The training programme will be carried out by dividing the students into 2 groups (the first group is 18 and the second group is 19 people). The training programme will be applied to the groups two days in the same week at the times determined by the guidance teacher. Interventions will be applied to the intervention group with trainings, homework applications and interventions to increase healthy internet use.
No Intervention: Control Group
There will be no intervention. The 37 students in the intervention groups will be followed up for 8 weeks and will not receive any training. The final test will be administered at the end of the eighth week

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Problematic Internet Use Scale Score
Time Frame: 1-3 months
Using the Problematic Internet Use Scale (PIUQ), changes in problematic internet use levels before and after the intervention will be evaluated. The change aims to measure the effect of mindfulness exercises and transtheoretical model based programme in the intervention group.
1-3 months
Change in Self-Efficacy Scale Score
Time Frame: 1-3 months
Self-efficacy levels will be measured with the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and the effects of the programme on adolescents' self-efficacy perception will be examined.
1-3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
KTO Karatay University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 1, 2025

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 17, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 17, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 17, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • B-DEMİRDAĞ

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

I don't want you to share

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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