Reliability and Validity of the Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test in Children and Adolescents With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

April 10, 2025 updated by: Sinan Buran, Hacettepe University
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is children's most common inflammatory rheumatic disease. The International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) defines it as a chronic arthritis condition that begins before the age of 16 lasts for six weeks or more, and has an unknown cause. Despite the gains made in the management of the disease of individuals with JIA with modern medical treatment methods, the physical and psychosocial problems caused by chronic inflammation negatively affect the daily living activities of individuals with JIA. On the other hand, in the JIA Core Set created by Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) in 2018, activities of daily living were included as a "mandatory area that should be evaluated in all studies." Therefore, to ensure that individuals with JIA reach a state of complete well-being, multi-interdisciplinary health professionals are expected to address the activities of daily living, identify the factors that limit these activities, and create intervention plans for the factors to be determined. The literature shows that the daily living activities of patients with JIA are addressed with a limited number of subjective measurement tools. However, these methods have disadvantages due to their subjectivity. In this case, objective measurement methods are needed to quantify the physical performance of patients with JIA in terms of their daily living activities. The Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test, initially developed by selecting activities similar to daily living activities to evaluate functional capacity in pulmonary diseases, has the potential to address this gap. Since the activities in the test require using both the lower and upper extremities, it has the advantage of reflecting functional capacity and providing information about performance in daily life activities. Although it has potential, the Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test needs appropriate psychometric properties for clinical settings and research for JIA patients. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted in the current literature on the validity and reliability of the Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test in JIA patients. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability, construct validity, and minimum detectable change of the Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test in assessing activities of daily living in children and adolescents with JIA.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Detailed Description

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is children's most common inflammatory rheumatic disease. The International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) defines it as a chronic arthritis condition that begins before age 16, lasts six weeks or more, and has an unknown cause. Despite the gains made in the management of JIA patients with modern medical treatment methods, there are physical and psychosocial problems caused by chronic inflammation. While chronic pain, disease activity, fatigue, and musculoskeletal problems constitute the physical dimension of these effects, issues such as anxiety, depression, central sensitization of pain, decreased peer interaction, physical activity, and school participation constitute the psychosocial dimension. In a study that addressed these biopsychosocial problems holistically within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health - Children and Youth (ICF-CY), it was emphasized that the daily living activities of individuals diagnosed with JIA were negatively affected, resulting in participation restrictions in various environments. On the other hand, in the JIA Core Set created by Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) in 2018, activities of daily living were included as a "mandatory area that should be evaluated in all studies." Therefore, to ensure that patients with JIA reach a state of complete well-being, multidisciplinary health professionals are expected to address the activities of daily living, identify the factors that limit these activities, and create intervention plans for the factors to be determined. The literature shows that the daily living activities of patients with JIA are addressed with a limited number of subjective measurement tools, especially the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ). CHAQ, widely used in evaluating daily living activities in pediatric rheumatology, stands out with its advantages, such as being practical, short, easy to score, and providing a commonly spoken language due to its adaptation to many languages. However, CHAQ also has some disadvantages. These disadvantages are that CHAQ is known for its ceiling effect, its subjective aspect, and its relative insensitivity to short-term changes. Physical function is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon associated with the ability to move and perform daily activities. Measuring physical function is essential to provide targets for clinical intervention to reduce impairments and increase participation in activities. By assessing physical function, baseline function can be objectively determined before treatment, which is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention. Physical function is usually measured with physical performance tests and self-report questionnaires. Physical performance tests quantify performance, as opposed to the perception of performance obtained through self-report questionnaires, thus providing a more objective measure of actual functional capacity. Performance-based measures have theoretical advantages over self-report measures, such as better repeatability, greater sensitivity to change, and less influence by external influences such as culture, language, and education. The "Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test," a physical function-based test that objectively evaluates daily living activities, was initially developed by selecting activities similar to daily living activities to assess functional capacity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Since the activities in the Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test require using both the lower and upper extremities, the test has the advantages of reflecting functional capacity and providing information about performance in daily living activities. Due to these advantages, reliability and validity studies have been conducted on diseases other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which was the starting point. The Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test rules were initially developed for adult patients and modified because they were unsuitable for the pediatric group. The modified test, the Pediatric Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test, was valid and reliable in children aged 6-14. One of the primary treatment goals is to ensure that patients with JIA maintain their daily living activities. Activities of daily living are also considered an important outcome measure for evaluating the course of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment. When the literature is examined, self-reporting questionnaires are used more frequently to assess the daily living activities of JIA patients, and performance-based standardized measurement methods are used less frequently. When considering the needs of individuals with JIA, the Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test has significant potential in this disease group. However, its psychometric properties must be appropriate in clinical settings and research. To our knowledge, no studies on the validity and reliability of the Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test in JIA patients have been conducted in the current literature. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability, construct validity, and minimum detectable change of the Glittre Test of Activities of Daily Living in assessing activities of daily living in children and adolescents with JIA. Since the test is modified for 6-to 14-year-olds, the "Pediatric Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test" reliability and validity will be assessed in individuals with JIA within this age group. The standard version will be used for JIA patients between 15 and 18.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
80

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Ankara, Turkey, 06100
        • Not yet recruiting
        • Hacettepe University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
        • Contact:
        • Contact:
        • Contact:
          • Sinan Buran, MSc
      • Ankara, Turkey
        • Recruiting
        • Hacettepe University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population will consist of individuals with JIA who meet the inclusion criteria at the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being diagnosed with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) according to The International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) classification
  • Being between the ages of 8-18
  • Volunteering to participate in research

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Advanced heart/lung/liver/kidney disease, neurological disease and malignancies
  • Having undergone major orthopedic surgery
  • Not volunteering to participate in the study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test
Time Frame: Baseline (First Assessment)
The Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test is widely used in the literature to evaluate activities of daily living based on performance. The test consists of a cycle of standardized activities such as walking, weight-bearing, climbing stairs, and moving objects on shelves. It is a test that takes place over a total distance of 10 m divided into two parts by a ladder. The person completes the test cycle in 5 laps at this distance range. The time it takes for individuals to complete the test and their pre-and post-test heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory frequency, SpO2, and modified Borg Scale, as well as their dyspnea and fatigue levels during exertion, are evaluated. In our study, the Pediatric Glittre Activities of Daily Living Test will be used for individuals diagnosed with JIA between the ages of 8 and 14, and the standard version of the test will be used for JIA patients between the ages of 15 and 18.
Baseline (First Assessment)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Functional Reach Test
Time Frame: Baseline (First assessment)
The Functional Reach Test is a test that evaluates dynamic balance. The person is asked to stand with their arm at 90̊ flexion and close to the wall without touching it; then, they are instructed to reach forward as far as they can without taking a step. The difference between the start and finish is measured with a tape measure and recorded in centimeters. Three trials are performed; the average is the Functional Reach Test score.
Baseline (First assessment)
Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
Time Frame: Baseline (First Assessment)
For the 6MWT, individuals are asked to walk in a 30-meter corridor at the maximal speed they can walk without running. During the test, individuals are encouraged with standard expressions. At the end of the test, the distance covered will be recorded in meters. The individuals' pre-test and post-test heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory frequency, SpO2, and modified Borg Scale, as well as dyspnea and fatigue levels during exertion, will be evaluated.
Baseline (First Assessment)
Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ)
Time Frame: Baseline (First Assessment)
The CHAQ assesses the functional abilities of children with JIA in activities of daily living. It comprises eight sections (dressing and grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reaching, griping, and activities) and evaluates pain (0: no pain and 10: extreme pain) and general well-being (0: no problem and 10: extreme problem) using a Visual Analog Scale. The total CHAQ score ranges from 0 to 3 (higher scores reflect low functionality).
Baseline (First Assessment)
Juvenile Arthritis Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (JAB-Q)
Time Frame: Baseline (First Assessment)
JAB-Q evaluates the problems experienced by both the child and the parent from a biopsychosocial perspective. The scale was developed initially in Turkish. It includes two separate forms for the child (patient) and parent (family) to complete. The child form consists of questions evaluating parameters such as pain intensity, disease activity, joint status, functional assessment, psychosocial status assessment, school status and fatigue, and is scored between 0 and 52 points. The family form includes parameters such as the parent's perception of health and psychosocial status and scores between 0 and 38. Forms can give both total scores and separate scores for subparameters. Higher scores indicate worse results.
Baseline (First Assessment)
Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ)
Time Frame: Baseline (First Assessment)
JAQQ, a scale developed for patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, consists of 74 items that assess various health domains, including physical functioning, emotional well-being, and general symptoms. The items are categorized into four dimensions related to the child's quality of life: gross motor function, fine motor function, psychosocial function, and systemic symptoms. The questionnaire provides separate scores for these four dimensions and a total score. All scores are scored between 0 and 7. Higher scores indicate a lower quality of life. Doğan et al. conducted the Turkish validity and reliability study of the questionnaire.
Baseline (First Assessment)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Hacettepe University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Sinan Buran, MSc, Hacettepe University Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 10, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 31, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 29, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 29, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 4, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 15, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 10, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • SBA 24/999

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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