Impact of Immersive Video Education on Cardiothoracic Surgery Anxiety and Outcomes

March 3, 2026 updated by: Baptist Health South Florida

Exploring the Effect of Visually Immersive Video Education on Cardiothoracic Surgery Patients' Preoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Outcomes

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study is to examine the effect of visually immersive preoperative education on levels of anxiety and patient outcomes in patients undergoing cardiothoracic (open heart) surgery

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Enrolling by invitation

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
200

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Florida
      • Miami, Florida, United States, 33143
        • South Miami Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Inpatients and outpatients scheduled for elective cardiothoracic (open heart) surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients undergoing emergent cardiothoracic (open heart) surgery
  • Patients with altered mental status
  • History of mental health disorders (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder)
  • Legally blind/complete blindness and hearing impaired (without hearing aids)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Intervention - Visually Immersive Video Education
Participants receive visually immersive (virtual reality-designed) preoperative video education shown on a tablet that orients patients to the postoperative CVICU environment, equipment, and expected recovery processes. After viewing the video, the open-heart trained CVICU nurse provides opportunity for discussion, clarification, and questions. Assignment to this arm occurs during intervention weeks (Weeks 1-2 of each month, per protocol).
Behavioral: Visually Immersive Video
The patients watch a 5-minute visually immersive education video on what to expect postoperatively on arrival to the cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) followed by the opportunity for discussion/explanation and questions.
Active Comparator: Control - Standard Preoperative Education
Participants receive standard preoperative education consisting of a basic verbal explanation of what to expect postoperatively on arrival to the CVICU, followed by opportunity for questions. Assignment to this arm occurs during control weeks (Weeks 3-4 of each month, per protocol).
Behavioral: Standard of Care
The patient receives a basic verbal explanation of what to expect postoperatively on arrival to CVICU followed by the opportunity for questions.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Anxiety relief (self-report measure 1 - State-Trait Anxiety Inventory)
Time Frame: 30 minutes
Patient's anxiety will be measured using the 20-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (state scale only) (higher scores indicate higher anxiety), taken before and after preoperative education is received.
30 minutes
Anxiety relief (self-report measure 2 - Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety)
Time Frame: 30 minutes
Patient's anxiety will be measured using the Visual Analog Scale for Anxiety (VAS-A), a slider scale of 0 - 100 is used to self-report anxiety (0 = not anxious and 100 = extremely anxious), taken before and after preoperative education is received.
30 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Anxiety relief (physiological measure 1 - blood pressure)
Time Frame: 30 minutes
Blood pressure is measured before and after receipt of preoperative education. Increased anxiety may cause elevation of this physiological indicator.
30 minutes
Anxiety relief (physiological measure 2 - heart rate)
Time Frame: 30 minutes
Heart rate is measured before and after receipt of preoperative education. Increased anxiety may cause elevation of this physiological indicator.
30 minutes
Anxiety relief (physiological measure 3 - respiratory rate)
Time Frame: 30 minutes
Respiratory rate is measured before and after receipt of preoperative education. Increased anxiety may cause elevation of this physiological indicator.
30 minutes
Postoperative CVICU Outcome 1 - Length of Stay
Time Frame: Within 30 days after the patient is discharged from CVICU
Patients' length of stay (# days) in the CVICU.
Within 30 days after the patient is discharged from CVICU
Postoperative CVICU Outcome 2 - Intubation Time
Time Frame: Within 30 days after the patient is discharged from CVICU
Intubation time = Length of time the patient is on mechanical ventilation.
Within 30 days after the patient is discharged from CVICU
Postoperative CVICU Outcome 3 - Re-intubation
Time Frame: Within 30 days after the patient is discharged from CVICU
Re-intubation after initial removal from mechanical ventilation (yes or no).
Within 30 days after the patient is discharged from CVICU
Postoperative CVICU Outcome 4 - Blood Sugar Regulation
Time Frame: Within 30 days after the patient is discharged from CVICU
Blood sugar regulation = comparison of point-of-care blood sugar levels taken on postoperative day 1 and on the day of discharge from CVICU.
Within 30 days after the patient is discharged from CVICU

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Baptist Health South Florida

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Natalie Bermudez, PhD, RN, EBP-C, Baptist Health | Nursing & Health Sciences Research

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 15, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 15, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 15, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 23, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 29, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
October 30, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 4, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 3, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2359886

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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