Constructivist Prenatal Education Effects

May 22, 2026 updated by: Seyhan Çankaya, Selcuk University

The Effect of a Constructivist-Based Prenatal Education Program on Pregnant Women's Fear of Childbirth, Pain Beliefs, and Self-Efficacy for Normal Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The Effect of a Constructivist-Based Prenatal Education Program on Pregnant Women's Fear of Childbirth, Pain Beliefs, and Self-Efficacy for Normal Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The study is a randomized controlled trial. It will be conducted at the prenatal school of Konya City Hospital between December 2025 and May 2026. A total of 126 primiparous pregnant women will be included in the study (intervention group n=63, control group n=63). The intervention group will receive the Constructivist-Based Prenatal Education Program, while the control group will receive the standard prenatal care and education provided by the hospital. Data will be collected using a personal information form, the Fear of Childbirth Scale, the Pain Beliefs Scale, and the Self-Efficacy for Normal Birth Scale.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
126

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Registered in the hospital's prenatal school and actively participating in the 3-day training sessions,
  • Aged 18 years or older,
  • Between 20 and 32 weeks of gestation,
  • Having a singleton and low-risk pregnancy,
  • Primiparous (expecting their first birth),
  • Voluntarily agreeing to participate by signing the written informed consent form,
  • Able to read, understand, and communicate in Turkish.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Those who have previously given birth vaginally or by cesarean section (multiparous women),
  • Those with multiple pregnancies,
  • Those who conceived through assisted reproductive techniques,
  • Those diagnosed with serious obstetric or medical complications during pregnancy (such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, or risk of preterm birth),
  • Those with a history of psychiatric diagnosis or currently receiving psychiatric treatment,
  • Foreign nationals.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Placebo Comparator: No intervention
No additional intervention will be provided to the control group beyond the information they receive during routine prenatal care and in-service trainings, and the control group will consist of pregnant women who do not attend the prenatal school education. After the study is completed, control group participants will be offered the opportunity to attend the standard prenatal school education if they wish.
Other: Constructivist-Based Prenatal Education Group
Pregnant women who agree to participate in the study and are assigned to the childbirth preparation education group will receive a Constructivist-Based Prenatal Education Program in the prenatal school department of the hospital for a total of 24 hours over 3 days. Participants in the intervention group will attend the classes in groups of 15.
Other Names:
  • Education Group
Experimental: Intervention Group
Pregnant women who agree to participate in the study and are assigned to the childbirth preparation education group will receive a Constructivist-Based Prenatal Education Program in the prenatal school department of the hospital for a total of 24 hours over 3 days. Participants in the intervention group will attend the classes in groups of 15.
Other: Constructivist-Based Prenatal Education Group
Pregnant women who agree to participate in the study and are assigned to the childbirth preparation education group will receive a Constructivist-Based Prenatal Education Program in the prenatal school department of the hospital for a total of 24 hours over 3 days. Participants in the intervention group will attend the classes in groups of 15.
Other Names:
  • Education Group

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Comparison of the sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women before the training with a survey.
Time Frame: 6 months
Sociodemographic information of pregnant women will be collected through surveys, compared, and reported.
6 months
Comparison of obstetric characteristics of pregnant women before the training with a questionnaire.
Time Frame: 6 months
Obstetric data of pregnant women will be collected through questionnaires, compared, and reported.
6 months
Comparison of the means of the Fear of Childbirth Scale among pregnant women across groups.
Time Frame: 6 months
The Fear of Childbirth Scale will be administered to pregnant women. The Respectful Childbirth Care scale ranges from 0 to 160 points (min-max), with higher scores indicating higher fear of childbirth.
6 months
Comparison of the Pain Beliefs Scale means among pregnant women across groups.
Time Frame: 6 months
The Pain Beliefs Scale will be administered to pregnant women.The scale evaluates two types of pain-related beliefs: organic and psychological. It includes 12 items rated on a 6-point Likert scale, with 8 items assessing organic beliefs (pain as a physiological or pathophysiological condition) and 4 items assessing psychological beliefs (pain influenced by anxiety, depression, or external factors). No total score is calculated; each subscale score is the mean of its items. Higher scores indicate stronger beliefs in that specific dimension.
6 months
Comparison of mean scores on the Self-Efficacy Scale for Normal Childbirth among pregnant women across groups.
Time Frame: 6 months
The Self-Efficacy Scale for Normal Childbirth will be administered to pregnant women. Possible scores on the scale are 0-90 (min-max). Higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy levels.
6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Selcuk University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 1, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 24, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 24, 2025

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
December 5, 2025

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 26, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 22, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2025/1052

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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