A Study Of Milk Consumption In Metabolic Syndrome

April 15, 2026 updated by: Joshua R. Smith, Mayo Clinic

Milk Consumption On Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Metabolic Syndrome

The primary purpose of this study is to determine the impact of whole-fat dairy consumption on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors and peripheral vascular function in adults with metabolic syndrome.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
40

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Minnesota
      • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
        • Recruiting
        • Mayo Clinic in Rochester
        • Contact:
          • Joshua R. Smith, PhD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria: Presence of 3 of the following risk factors:

  1. fasting plasma glucose ≥100 mg/dL (or medical therapy for elevated glucose)
  2. HDL-C <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women (or medical therapy for reduced HDL-C)
  3. Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL (or medical therapy for elevated triglycerides)
  4. Waist circumference >102 cm for men and >88 cm for women
  5. Systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg (or medical therapy for hypertension)

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Cardiovascular disease diagnosis
  2. Type 1 or 2 diabetes diagnosis
  3. Dairy allergy or lactose intolerance
  4. Self-reported high baseline dairy intake (>3 servings per day)
  5. >3 hours of physical activity per week
  6. Pregnant women
  7. Inflammatory bowel disease
  8. Chronic steroid use
  9. Allergy to metal
  10. GLP-1 agonist use
  11. Patients on medications related to metabolic syndrome where dose adjustments are planned to be made during the study period.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Full-fat diet first then Low-fat diet
Other: Full-fat diet
The patients will follow a full-fat, isoenergetic diet consisting of 45% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 35% fat for a duration of three weeks.
Other: Low-fat diet
The patients will follow a low-fat, isoenergetic diet consisting of 45% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 35% fat for a duration of three weeks.
Experimental: Low-fat diet first then Full-fat diet
Other: Full-fat diet
The patients will follow a full-fat, isoenergetic diet consisting of 45% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 35% fat for a duration of three weeks.
Other: Low-fat diet
The patients will follow a low-fat, isoenergetic diet consisting of 45% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 35% fat for a duration of three weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Total Cholesterol
Time Frame: Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Total Cholesterol will be measured by a blood sample and reported as mg/dL
Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Change in HDL-C (High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol)
Time Frame: Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol will be measured by a blood sample and reported as mg/dL
Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Change in LDL-C (Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol)
Time Frame: Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol will be measured by a blood sample and reported as mg/dL
Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Change in Triglycerides
Time Frame: Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Triglycerides will be measured by a blood sample and reported as mg/dL
Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Change in Blood Glucose
Time Frame: Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Blood Glucose will be measured by a blood sample and reported as mg/dL
Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Change in Hemoglobin A1c
Time Frame: Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Hemoglobin is a protein within red blood cells. As glucose enters the bloodstream, it binds to hemoglobin, or glycates. The more glucose that enters the bloodstream, the higher the amount of glycated hemoglobin. An A1C level below 5.7 percent is considered normal. Reported as percentage of glycated hemoglobin.
Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Change in C-reactive protein
Time Frame: Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
C-reactive protein will be measured by a blood sample and reported as mg/L
Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Change in Lipoprotein
Time Frame: Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Lipoprotein will be measured by a blood sample and reported as mg/dL
Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Change in Macrovascular Function
Time Frame: Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Peripheral macrovascular function is the maximal percent change in brachial artery following cuff release and will be assessed via flow-mediated dilation and reported as a percentage
Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Change in Microvascular Function
Time Frame: Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8
Quantification of the area under the curve of the brachial artery blood flow following cuff release
Baseline, Week 3, Week 5, Week 8

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Mayo Clinic

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Joshua Smith, PhD, Mayo Clinic

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 13, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 1, 2028

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
February 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 4, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 4, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 11, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 16, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 15, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 25-010619

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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