Kangaroo Care Training: Knowledge, Skills, and Empathy (Kangaroo Care)

February 13, 2026 updated by: Emine Serap ÇAĞAN, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University

The Effect of Kangaroo Care Training Provided to Midwifery Students on Their Knowledge, Skills, Confidence, and Empathy Levels

The research is designed as a methodological and randomized controlled experimental study and will be conducted in five stages with final-year midwifery students at Atatürk University (N=120). First, the Turkish validity and reliability of the Kangaroo Care Knowledge, Skill and Confidence Scale will be established. Subsequently, an 8-hour kangaroo care training will be provided to the intervention group, and students' clinical performance, empathy levels, and kangaroo care competencies will be evaluated.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

With this research, it is aimed to evaluate the effect of kangaroo care training given to midwifery students on their knowledge, skills, confidence and empathy levels. The research is in methodological and randomized controlled experimental design. The research will be carried out in five stages and two different research methods will be used gradually. Accordingly, a methodological method will be used to analyze the validity of the kangaroo care knowledge, skills and confidence scale, and a randomized controlled experimental design will be used to provide the students with kangaroo care training and to apply the scales after the kangaroo care training after the training. The population of the research will be Atatürk University Health Sciences Faculty Midwifery Department final year students (N:120). The first part of the research will involve conducting a Turkish validity study of the "Kangaroo Care Knowledge, Skills, and Confidence Scale." The second part will involve providing 8 hours of kangaroo care training to students assigned to the training group, prepared by the researcher. The third part will evaluate the clinical practices of students who received and did not receive kangaroo care training, and assess their empathy levels and knowledge, skills, and confidence levels using the midwifery empathy scale and the kangaroo care knowledge, skills, and confidence scale. The research will conclude with a Turkish validity study of the Kangaroo Care Knowledge, Skills, and Confidence Scale and the acquisition of Turkish-language resources.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
99

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Students who were in their final year of the midwifery department,
  • had successfully completed their practical courses,
  • agreed to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • students who did not successfully complete their practical courses
  • did not agree to participate

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
No Intervention: control group
Students who did not receive kangaroo care training
Experimental: Kangaroo care education group
kangaroo care education
Behavioral: Kangaroo care education
Kangaroo care education

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Kangaroo Care Knowledge
Time Frame: immediately after training
Pre- and Post-Training Questionnaire: Designed to assess the knowledge level of students participating in the training before and after the training. It consists of a total of 20 multiple-choice questions appropriate to the training content and topics.
immediately after training

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Kangaroo Care Knowledge, Skill, and Confidence Scale
Time Frame: three months after training
The scale was developed by Almutairi et al. (2016) to assess nurses' knowledge, skills, and confidence in kangaroo care training. Researchers conducted Turkish validity and reliability studies. The Turkish version of the scale consists of 21 items and four subscales. The scale is evaluated on a five-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. The minimum score is 21, and the maximum score is 105. A high score indicates high knowledge, skills, and confidence in kangaroo care.
three months after training
Midwifery Empathy Scale
Time Frame: three months after training
The Midwifery Empathy Scale (MES) was developed in Greece in 2016 by Vivilaki and colleagues, and its validity and reliability in Turkish were assessed by Sevinç and Ergin in 2019. The scale consists of 22 questions that assess empathic skills and empathic tendencies. Each item is scored from 1 to 6. Items 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20, and 21 are scored as 6 if the "strongly agree" option is selected and 1 if the "strongly disagree" option is selected. Questions 5, 7, 8, 9, 13, 15, and 22 are scored in the opposite manner. The maximum score on the scale is 132, and the minimum score is 22.
three months after training

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Agri Ibrahim Cecen University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

  • Almutairi, W. M., & Ludington-Hoe, S. M. (2016). Kangaroo care education effects on nurses' knowledge and skills confidence. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 47(11), 518-524.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 18, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 30, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
September 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 6, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 13, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
February 17, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 17, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 13, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • AgriICecen
  • 123C170 (Other Grant/Funding Number: TÜBİTAK)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual patient information will only be used for research purposes.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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