REHABOTICS: Physiotherapy for Hand Spasticity After Stroke Using Robotics and AR Serious Games

March 9, 2026 updated by: Pantelis Syringas
Rehabotics is a comprehensive rehabilitation system designed to deliver individualized upper-limb therapy for patients with motor impairments, particularly after stroke. Its core components include an exoskeletal robotic aid for assisted hand training and an interactive augmented reality platform for rehabilitation exercises and functional task practice. The system supports both treatment and assessment by enabling the monitoring of motor performance and patient progress through quantitative data. The overall aim of Rehabotics is to enhance the quality, intensity, and personalization of hand rehabilitation in clinical settings, with the potential to support remote care applications in the future.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
80

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Greece
    • Attica
      • Athens, Attica, Greece, 14562
        • Physioloft, Physiotherapy Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • stroke pathology,
  • Ashworth Scale ≤ 3,
  • 6 months maximum time since the incident

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of neurological pathologies that affect hand motion (Parkinson's disease)
  • Musculoskeletal deficits that affect normal finger range of motion (e.g. finger fractures, joint stiffness/pain, arthritis that affect joint motion)
  • Ashworth Scale > 3,
  • Over 6 months since the incident

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Rehabotics Physiotherapy
Arm receiving Physiotherapy through the Rehabotics system
Device: Rehabotics Physiotherapy
A supervised 5-week upper-limb rehabilitation program using the Rehabotics system, delivered in 3 sessions per week, with each session lasting 30 minutes. Each session combined two components: (1) task-oriented training through an augmented reality serious-games platform using markerless hand tracking with a standard RGB camera, and (2) assisted stretching of the affected finger flexor muscles using the Active Exoskeletal Aid. The AR component included grip-specific functional tasks designed to simulate activities of daily living. The exoskeletal component provided repetitive, therapist-adjustable finger stretching through servo motor-driven movement, with programmable parameters including extension speed, maximum extension angle, and return speed.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Box and Block Test score measured by physiotherapists
Time Frame: Change from baseline to 5 weeks
This outcome aims to explore the therapeutic potential of Rehabotics in stroke rehabilitation, demonstrating improved hand motor function through the integration of robotics and Augmented Reality games, measured by the Box and Block Test [BBT] score. The BBT consists of a wooden box divided into two compartments by a partition and includes 150 blocks. During the BBT administration, the patient is instructed to move as many blocks as possible, one by one, from one compartment to the other within 60 seconds. The higher the number of blocks moved indicate better manual dexterity.
Change from baseline to 5 weeks
Ashworth Scale measured by physiotherapists
Time Frame: Change from baseline to 5 weeks
This outcome aims to explore the therapeutic potential of Rehabotics in stroke rehabilitation, demonstrating improved hand motor function through the integration of robotics and Augmented Reality games, measured by Ashworth Scale [AS]. The AS is a key instrument for evaluating spasticity in individuals with upper extremity mobility challenges during rehabilitation. This assessment uses a scoring system from 0 to 4, where higher scores denote greater difficulty in finger movement, and lower scores indicate easier finger movement.
Change from baseline to 5 weeks
AROM measured by physiotherapists using gioniometry
Time Frame: Change from baseline to 5 weeks
This outcome aims to explore the therapeutic potential of Rehabotics in stroke rehabilitation by demonstrating improvements in active finger mobility through the integration of robotics and Augmented Reality games, measured by active range of motion (AROM). In this study, AROM was assessed as Total Active Motion (TAM), which is defined as the sum of active flexion at the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints of the finger, minus any extension deficits at these joints. Measurements were obtained using a finger goniometer, and higher TAM values indicate better active finger movement and joint mobility.
Change from baseline to 5 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Pantelis Syringas

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
University of Ioannina
University of Peloponnese
Physioloft, Physiotherapy Center

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Georgios Papagiannis, PhD, Physioloft

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

  • https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13010091

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 31, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 31, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 9, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 9, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 12, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 12, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 9, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • REHABOTICS_02

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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