Resonance Breathing and Postural Resonance: Acute Modulation of Autonomic and Hemodynamic Responses Via Arterial Baroreflex Mechanisms (Autonomic)

April 12, 2026 updated by: Beijing Sport University
This study aimed to compare the acute autonomic and hemodynamic effects of two arterial baroreflex resonance interventions-Resonance Breathing (RB) and Postural Resonance (PR)-in healthy young adults. Methods: A randomized crossover design was conducted in 27 healthy participants (aged 18-25). Each participant completed three experimental sessions (control, RB, and PR) separated by a 5-day washout period. Each session included a 15-minute baseline, a 15-minute intervention, and a 5-min recovery phase. Continuous recordings of skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) and heart rate variability (HRV) were collected throughout each session, while blood pressure (BP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured before and after the interventions.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
30

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • China
    • Dongcheng
      • Beijing, Dongcheng, China, 100010
        • No. 11, Gongyi Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18-30 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

  • No history of systematic professional sports training; Right-hand dominance (as assessed by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory). Participants were excluded from the study if they had any of the following: Smoking, chronic alcohol consumption, or the use of psychotropic drugs or other substances affecting the nervous system; Irregular menstrual cycle; History of peripheral neuropathy or other autonomic nervous system disorders; Pre-existing cardiovascular diseases or abnormal electrocardiograms (ECG); Use of hormonal contraceptives; Uncontrolled hypertension or hypotension; Recent major life stressors; Regular practice of meditation or participation in psychotherapy; Presence of any movement disorders or inability to comprehend the experimental instructions.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Intervention Arm
Participants receive structured Resonance Breathing and Postural Resonance training aimed at modulating baroreflex function, autonomic balance, and hemodynamic responses. All measurements are conducted at baseline and following intervention.
Behavioral: Resonance Breathing
A structured intervention focusing on resonance breathing ( slow, rhythmic breathing at spontaneous resonance frequency ) . The protocol aims to acutely modulate autonomic nervous system activity and hemodynamic responses via stimulation of the arterial baroreflex.
Behavioral: Postural Resonance
A structured intervention focusing on postural resonance alignment. The protocol aims to acutely modulate autonomic nervous system activity and hemodynamic responses via stimulation of the arterial baroreflex. Sessions include guided breathing practice, postural adjustment, and feedback on breathing mechanics

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Skin sympathetic nerve activity
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (within 5 minutes of intervention completion)
Skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) was recorded non-invasively at the chest wall using a dedicated SKNA monitoring system. Measurements were obtained at baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately following completion of the resonance breathing and postural resonance intervention, to assess acute changes in sympathetic nervous system activity.
Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (within 5 minutes of intervention completion)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in Resting Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (within 5 minutes of intervention completion)
Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured in a seated position using a validated automated sphygmomanometer. Measurements were collected at baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention, to evaluate acute hemodynamic changes following the resonance breathing and postural resonance intervention.
Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (within 5 minutes of intervention completion)
Changes in Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV)
Time Frame: Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (within 5 minutes of intervention completion)
Pulse wave velocity (PWV), a non-invasive marker of arterial stiffness, was assessed using a validated vascular screening device. Measurements were obtained at baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention, to evaluate acute changes in arterial function following the intervention.
Baseline (pre-intervention) and immediately post-intervention (within 5 minutes of intervention completion)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Beijing Sport University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 15, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 10, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 12, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 12, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 17, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 17, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 12, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 2023091801
  • 23-50 and 24-30 (Other Grant/Funding Number: China Instatute of Spoet Science)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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