Effect of Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) (T2DM)

August 24, 2026 updated by: Blanca Patricia Lazalde Ramos, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas

Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of Rosmarinus Officinalis Extract on Metabolic, Hepatic, Renal, Inflammatory, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

This randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluates the effects of a methanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either methanolic rosemary extract or placebo in addition to their usual treatment and are followed for six months. A data cut-off at Month 3 is used for the analysis of metabolic, oxidative stress, and cytogenetic outcomes, while selected inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers continue to be assessed through Month 6. The study investigates the potential complementary effects of methanolic rosemary extract on metabolic control, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic stability, and cardiovascular-related biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Active, not recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluates the effects of a methanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either methanolic rosemary extract or placebo in addition to their usual treatment and are followed for six months. A data cut-off at Month 3 is used for the analysis of metabolic, oxidative stress, and cytogenetic outcomes, while selected inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers continue to be assessed through Month 6.

The study evaluates changes in metabolic parameters, including fasting serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH); and inflammatory biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Cytogenetic outcomes are assessed in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells using the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay. These outcomes include micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities associated with genomic damage and cytotoxicity. Cytogenetic assessments are performed at baseline (Day 0), Month 1, and Month 3.

Selected inflammatory and cardiovascular biomarkers are assessed at baseline, Month 3, and Month 6. These include IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, and Troponin T, allowing evaluation of inflammatory and cardiovascular-related changes during the extended follow-up period.

Overall, the study aims to investigate the potential complementary effects of methanolic Rosmarinus officinalis extract on metabolic control, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic stability, and cardiovascular-related biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
40

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Mexico
    • Zacatecas
      • Zacatecas City, Zacatecas, Mexico, 98160
        • ISSSTE (Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado)

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Confirmed diagnosis of T2DM
  2. Older adults over the age of 18.
  3. Signed Informed Consent (Annex 1)
  4. Clinical stability or absence of acute complications associated with diabetes or another disease at the time of the study.
  5. Absence of other associated diseases except Obesity and/or Hypertension
  6. Glomerular filtration rate greater than or equal to 60ml/min/1.73m2 according to the CKD-EPI 2021 formula

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Allergy or hypersensitivity to any of the components of Rosemary.
  2. Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
  3. Patients who are taking other supplements or medications that may interfere with the study results. (antioxidants)

5. Patients who are participating in another clinical trial simultaneously.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Placebo Comparator: Placebo (control group)
Participants will receive a placebo for 12 weeks.
Other: Placebo
Inactive substance with no therapeutic effect.
Experimental: Rosemary extract
Methanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis administered orally.
Dietary supplement: Rosmarinus officinalis extract
Methanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis administered orally for 12 weeks

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in levels of Glutathione (GSH)
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0) and Month 3.
Evaluation of reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration as an indicator of antioxidant status (µmol/L).
Baseline (Day 0) and Month 3.
Change in levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0) and Month 3.
Change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (%).
Baseline (Day 0) and Month 3.
Change in serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA)
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0), Month 1, Month 2, Month 3.

Measurement of serum malondialdehyde concentration as a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress.

Change in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (nmol/mL).
Baseline (Day 0), Month 1, Month 2, Month 3.
Change in antioxidant enzyme activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0) and Month 3.
Assessment of superoxide dismutase activity in serum samples. Change in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (U/mL).
Baseline (Day 0) and Month 3.
Change in the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear buds in buccal epithelial cells
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0), Month 1 and Month 3.
Change in the frequency of micronucleated cells and cells with nuclear buds in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells assessed using the buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay. Results are expressed as the number of cells presenting micronuclei or nuclear buds per 2,000 cells evaluated.
Baseline (Day 0), Month 1 and Month 3.
Change in the frequency of nuclear abnormalities in buccal epithelial cells
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0), Month 1 and Month 3.
Change in the frequency of nuclear abnormalities assessed using the BMCyt assay, including binucleated cells, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis. Results are expressed as the number of cells presenting each nuclear abnormality per 2,000 evaluated cells.
Baseline (Day 0), Month 1 and Month 3.
Change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0), Month 3 and Month 6.
Change in fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL).
Baseline (Day 0), Month 3 and Month 6.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in serum levels of Interleukin-6
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0), Month 3, and Month 6.
Quantification of IL-6 levels using immunoassay techniques. Change in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (pg/mL).
Baseline (Day 0), Month 3, and Month 6.
Change in serum levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0), Month 3, and Month 6.
Evaluation of TNF-α as a marker of systemic inflammation. Change in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (pg/mL).
Baseline (Day 0), Month 3, and Month 6.
Change in serum Troponin T levels
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0), Month 3, and Month 6.
Change in serum Troponin T concentration as a biomarker of cardiovascular involvement. Troponin T will be measured using an enzyme immunoassay according to the manufacturer's instructions (pg/mL).
Baseline (Day 0), Month 3, and Month 6.
Change in levels of C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0), Month 3, and Month 6.
Evaluation of CRP as a marker of systemic inflammation. Change in serum CRP levels (pg/mL).
Baseline (Day 0), Month 3, and Month 6.

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
HbA1c
Time Frame: Baseline (Day 0) and End of Intervention (Month 3)
Change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (%)
Baseline (Day 0) and End of Intervention (Month 3)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Diana J Soriano Gálvez, M. en C., Sin afiliación
  • Principal Investigator: Sandy F Rodriguez Reyes, Dr., Sin afiliación

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 20, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 17, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 16, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 21, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 26, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 24, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • CEI/ISSSTE/2025/043

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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