PANVAC-V and PANVAC-F Vaccines Plus Sargramostim to Treat Advanced Cancer

April 9, 2019 updated by: James Gulley, M.D., National Cancer Institute (NCI)

An Open Label Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of PANVAC-V (Vaccinia) and PANVAC-F (Fowlpox) in Combination With Sargramostim in Adults With Metastatic Carcinoma

Background:

  • Many cancers produce two proteins, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and mucin-1 (MUC-1).
  • The PANVAC-V (PANVAC vaccinia) priming vaccine and PANVAC-F (PANVAC fowlpox) boosting vaccine contain human genes that cause production of CEA and MUC-1, which can be used as a target for the immune system to attack the cancer. The vaccines also contain genes that cause production of other proteins that enhance immune activity.
  • Sargramostim is a protein that boosts the immune system.

Objectives:

  • To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of PANVAC-V and PANVAC-F in patients with advanced cancer.
  • To document the immune response to the vaccines and any anti-tumor responses that may occur.

Eligibility: Patients 18 years of age and older with advanced cancer whose tumors produce CEA or MUC-1 protein

Design:

  • This trial has three cohorts: the first cohort includes 10 patients with advanced colorectal cancer and 10 to 15 patients with any advanced non-colorectal cancer that produces either EA or mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter 1 (MCU-1); the second cohort includes 12 patients with advanced breast cancer and the third cohort includes 14 patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
  • All patients receive PANVAC-V on study day 1, followed by PANVAC-F on days 15, 29 and 43 then every 28 days for up to 12 vaccines followed by every 3 months until disease progression or toxicity. The vaccines are given by injection under the skin. Sargramostim is injected at the vaccination site on the day of each vaccination and for the next 3 days following vaccination.
  • Patients whose scans show that their disease has progressed, but who are otherwise clinically stable may revert back to monthly injections.
  • Patients undergo apheresis to collect white blood cells (lymphocytes) on day 1 and day 71 of the study to measure the immune response to the treatment. Blood is collected through a needle placed in one arm and directed through a cell separator machine where the lymphocytes are extracted. The rest of the blood components are returned to the patient through the same needle.
  • Patients are monitored with frequent blood tests and periodic imaging tests (scans) to monitor for safety and the response to treatment.

Study Overview

Detailed Description

Background:

  • Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and mucin-1 (MUC-1) are overexpressed in multiple adenocarcinomas.
  • Pox viral vectors can induce a strong immune response to CEA and MUC-1.
  • The use of agonist epitopes within the tumor associated antigen (TAA) can induce a better immune response than native peptides and have been associated with clinical responses
  • Heterologous prime and boost regimens are superior in terms of generalizing immune responses; and this may translate into improved clinical responses
  • The use of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) does not add significant toxicity and in pre-clinical models is essential for induction for optimal immune responses.
  • It is possible by using vectors directed against TAA that there may be additive or synergistic immune responses and this may be important in overcoming antigenic escape variance
  • Evidence of clinical benefit has been noted in some patients treated with this vaccine

Objectives:

  • For colorectal cancer and non-colorectal cancer Cohort: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of the vaccine.
  • For the Ovarian Cancer and Breast Cancer Cohorts: To evaluate clinical response to the vaccine.

Eligibility:

  • In the first cohort (colorectal and non-colorectal cancer), histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma that is CEA or MUC-1 positive described as metastatic disease (measurable or evaluable) or metastatic disease documented by biopsy but not evaluable by imaging (e.g. small volume peritoneal disease)
  • For the ovarian and breast cancer cohorts, patients must have evaluable disease
  • Normal organ function, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-1

Design:

  • This is a non-randomized three cohort, pilot trial of pox viral vaccines that contain the transgenes for CEA and MUC-1 (both with modified human leukocyte antigen A2 (HLA-A2) agonist epitopes) as well as 3 human T-cell costimulatory molecules, B7-1, ICAM-1 (CD54), and LFA-3 (CD58) [PANVAC(TM)-V (vaccinia) and PANVAC(TM)-F (fowlpox)] in patients with metastatic carcinoma that express CEA or MUC-1 antigen.
  • The first cohort will enroll 10 patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma and 10-15 patients with any metastatic non-colorectal carcinoma that expresses either CEA or MUC-1. .
  • The second cohort will enroll 12 patients with metastatic breast carcinoma and 14 patients with metastatic ovarian carcinoma.
  • All patients will receive the same vaccines on the same schedule. PANVAC(TM)-V (vaccinia) subcutaneously (s.c.) scheduled on day 1, followed by PANVAC(TM)-F (fowlpox) s.c. scheduled on days 15, 29, and 43 then every 28 days for up to 12 vaccines followed by every 3 months until disease progression or toxicity.
  • Sargramostim (100 micro g) will be given at the site of the vaccination (PANVAC-V and PANVAC-F) on each vaccination day and for three consecutive days thereafter.
  • Patients who have radiographic evidence of progressive disease, but who are otherwise clinically stable may revert back to monthly vaccinations.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

51

Phase

  • Phase 2
  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

    • Maryland
      • Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
        • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 100 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

  • INCLUSION CRITERIA:

A. Histologically confirmed carcinoma that for patients in the first cohort (colorectal and non-colorectal cancer) is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or mucin-1 (MUC-1) positive. Tumor that has been shown to express CEA or MUC-1 (greater than or equal to 20 % of cells) by immunohistochemical techniques or patients that have had an elevated serum CEA (greater than 5 microgram/L) at any point during their disease course. For patients in the ovarian and breast cancer cohorts, as greater than 95% of these express MUC-1 or CEA, we will not require staining prior to coming onto trial.

B. Patients must have completed at least one fluorouracil (5-FU) containing chemotherapy regimen (e.g. 5-FU/leucovorin (LV) with or without either irinotecan or oxaliplatin) for the colorectal cancer arm, or either failed or not be a candidate for therapy of proven efficacy for non-colorectal, breast, or ovarian cancer.

C. 18 years of age or greater.

D. All patients enrolled on the colorectal/non-colorectal cohort with colorectal adenocarcinoma cohort must be human leukocyte antigen A2 (HLA-A2) positive.

E. At least 10 patients enrolled on the colorectal/non-colorectal cohort with non-colorectal adenocarcinoma cohort must be HLA-A2 positive.

F. Patients in the breast cohort and the ovarian cohorts are not required to be HLA-A2 positive.

G. For the colorectal and non-colorectal cancer cohort, patients will be required to have: metastatic disease (measurable or evaluable), metastatic disease documented by biopsy but not evaluable by imaging (e.g. small volume peritoneal disease), and patients with surgically resected metastatic disease at high risk of relapse. For the ovarian cohort and the breast cancer cohort, patients will be required to have evaluable disease.

H. Able to understand and give informed consent.

I. Able to avoid close household contact (close household contacts are those who share housing or have close physical contact) for at least three weeks after recombinant vaccinia vaccination with persons with active or a history of eczema or other eczematoid skin disorders; those with other acute, chronic or exfoliative skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, burns, impetigo, varicella zoster, severe acne, or other open rashes or wounds) until condition resolves; pregnant or nursing women; children 3 years of age and under; and immunodeficient or immunosuppressed persons (by disease or therapy), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

J. Eastern Oncology Cooperative Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 - 1.

K. Serum creatinine not above the institution limits of normal, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) less than or equal to twice the upper limits of normal OR creatinine clearance on a 24 hour urine collection of greater than or equal to 60 mL/min.

L. Total bilirubin within the institution limits of normal OR patients with Gilbert's syndrome, a total bilirubin less than or equal to 3.0

M. Recovered completely from any reversible toxicity associated with recent therapy. Typically this is 3-4 weeks for patients who most recently received cytotoxic therapy except for the nitrosoureas and mitomycin C for which 6 weeks is needed for recovery.

N. Hematological eligibility parameters (within 16 days of starting therapy):

  • Granulocyte count greater than or equal to 1,500/mm(3)
  • Platelet count greater than or equal to 100,000/mm(3)
  • Hemoglobin (Hgb) greater than or equal to 10 Gm/dL

O. Prior immune therapy with related vaccinia and fowlpox vaccines or antigen-specific peptides is allowed.

P. Men and women must agree to use effective birth control or abstinence during and for a period of 4 months after the last vaccination therapy.

Q. Patients with prostate cancer must continue to receive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy (unless orchiectomy has been done).

R. Patients should appear clinically stable (in the opinion of the principal investigator) to complete the full 3 month course of vaccination with an anticipated survival of 6 months or longer.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

A. Patients should have no evidence of being immunocompromised as listed below.

  • Human immunodeficiency virus positivity due to the potential for decreased tolerance and risk for severe side effects
  • Active autoimmune diseases requiring treatment or a history of autoimmune disease that might be stimulated by vaccine treatment. This requirement is due to the potential risks of exacerbating autoimmunity. Patients with endocrine disease that is controlled by replacement therapy including thyroid disease and adrenal disease and vitiligo may be enrolled.

B. Concurrent use of systemic steroids, except for physiologic doses for systemic steroid replacement or local (topical, nasal, or inhaled) steroid use. Limited doses systemic steroids to prevent intravenous (IV) contrast, allergic reaction, or anaphylaxis (in patients who have known contrast allergies) are allowed.

C. History of allergy or untoward reaction to prior vaccination with vaccinia virus.

D. Pregnant or breast-feeding women.

E. Altered immune function, including immunodeficiency or history of immunodeficiency; eczema; history of eczema, or other eczematoid skin disorders; or those with acute, chronic or exfoliative skin conditions (e.g. atopic dermatitis, burns, impetigo, varicella zoster, severe acne, or other open rashes or wounds).

F. Serious intercurrent medical illness which would interfere with the ability of the patient to carry out the treatment program, including, but not limited to, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or active diverticulitis

G. Patients with a history of cardiomyopathy or symptomatic congestive heart failure (unless stable on treatment), symptomatic arrhythmia not controlled by medication. Unstable atherosclerotic heart disease (e.g. unstable angina) who require active intervention and history of myocardial infarction or embolic stroke within the past 6 months.

H. Clinically active brain metastasis, or a history of encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, or seizures within the last year (from seizure disorder or brain metastasis).

I. Medical conditions, which, in the opinion of the investigators would jeopardize the patient or the integrity of the data obtained.

J. Concurrent chemotherapy; an exception to this is to allow for patients with breast cancer who are receiving trastuzumab, to continue therapy with trastuzumab while receiving the vaccine treatment.

K. Serious hypersensitivity reaction to egg products.

L. Clinically significant cardiomyopathy requiring treatment.

M. Chronic hepatitis infection, including B and C, because of potential immune impairment.

N. Although topical steroids are allowed, steroid eye drop are contraindicated.

O. Cardiac complications, including recent myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident within one year, and/or unstable or uncontrolled angina.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: All Cohorts: Colorectal, Non-Colorectal, Breast, and Ovarian
All cohorts receive the same intervention (Cohort 1: Colorectal arm, non-colorectal cancers; Cohort 2: breast cancer; Cohort 3: ovarian cancers)
Patients receive 2 x 10(8) pfu PANVAC-V (vaccinia) subcutaneously on Day 1.
Patients receive 1 x 10(9) pfu PANVAC-F (fowlpox) or about days 15, 29, and 43 then every month for 12 doses then every 3 months until disease progression or toxicity.
100g sargramostim will be given subcutaneously at the site of the vaccination on each vaccination day and for three consecutive days thereafter.
Other Names:
  • Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Participants With Complete Responses (CRs), Partial Responses (PRs,) Stable Disease and Progressive Disease in the Ovarian Cancer and Breast Cancer Cohorts
Time Frame: Approximately 6 months while on trial
Response was assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Complete Response is disappearance of all clinical and laboratory signs and symptoms of disease for a minimum of 4 weeks during which no new lesions may appear. Partial Response is a minimum of 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, taking as reference the baseline sum longest diameter. Stable disease is neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for partial response nor progressive disease, taking as reference the smallest sum longest diameter since the treatment started. Progressive disease is a minimum of 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum longest diameter recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new measurable lesions.
Approximately 6 months while on trial
Percentage of Vaccines Associated With Grade 1 and Grade 2 Adverse Events Related to Vaccine in the Colorectal Cancer and Non-Colorectal Cancer Arm/Group
Time Frame: Approximately 6 months while on trial
Grade 1 (mild) and Grade 2 (moderate) adverse events were assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0 if reported prior to August 1, 2010 and CTCAE v4.0 if reported after. A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned.
Approximately 6 months while on trial

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Percentage of Participants With Grade 1 and Grade 2 Adverse Events Possibly, Likely, or Definitely Related to Vaccine in the Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Cohorts
Time Frame: Approximately 2 months while on trial
Vaccines were administered to participants and Grade 1 (mild) and Grade 2 (moderate) adverse events were assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0 if reported prior to August 1, 2010 and CTCAE v4.0 if reported after. Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events. A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned.
Approximately 2 months while on trial
Number of Participants With Adverse Events Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0 and v4.0
Time Frame: Date consent signed to date off study, approximately 164 months and 10 days
Here is the count of participants with serious and non-serious adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria in Adverse Events (CTCAE) v3.0 if reported prior to August 1, 2010 and CTCAE v4.0 if reported after. A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned.
Date consent signed to date off study, approximately 164 months and 10 days
Number of Participants With an Positive Immune Response to Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Peptide and/or Protein in the Colorectal Cancer and Non-colorectal Cancer Cohort Post Vaccination
Time Frame: post vaccination (up to Day 84)
Immune response in human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-A2 positive patients to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) analysis. A positive immune response was defined as a >2x fold increase in the number of interferon gamma producing cells.
post vaccination (up to Day 84)
Number of Participants With an Positive Immune Response to Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Peptide and/or Protein in the Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Cohorts Post Vaccination
Time Frame: post vaccination (up to Day 84)
Immune response in human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-A2 positive patients to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) analysis. A positive immune response was defined as a >2x fold increase in the number of interferon gamma producing cells.
post vaccination (up to Day 84)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

July 21, 2004

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 1, 2018

Study Completion (Actual)

May 31, 2018

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 23, 2004

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 23, 2004

First Posted (Estimate)

July 26, 2004

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 16, 2019

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 9, 2019

Last Verified

April 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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