Universal Granulocyte Macrophage-colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)-Producing and GM.CD40L for Autologous Tumor Vaccine in Mantle Cell Lymphoma

August 4, 2023 updated by: H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute

A Phase II Trial Using a Universal GM-CSF-Producing and CD40L-Expressing Bystander Cell Line (GM.CD40L) in the Formulation of Autologous Tumor Cell-Based Vaccines for Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma

RATIONALE: Vaccines made from gene-modified cells and a person's cancer cells may make the body build an effective immune response to kill cancer cells. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) may stimulate the white blood cells to kill cancer cells. Giving booster vaccinations may make a stronger immune response and prevent or delay the recurrence of cancer. Drugs used in chemotherapy work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving more than one drug (combination chemotherapy) may kill more cancer cells. Giving vaccine therapy together with IL-2 after combination chemotherapy may be a more effective treatment for mantle cell lymphoma.

PURPOSE: This phase II trial is studying how well giving vaccine therapy together with IL-2 after combination chemotherapy works in treating patients with relapsed or de novo stage II, stage III, or stage IV mantle cell lymphoma.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Patients were treated with 3-6 cycles of chemotherapy +/- rituximab, with type and duration at the discretion of the individual clinician. Evaluation for response was performed 1 month after completing chemotherapy, and included computed tomography (CT) scan, bone marrow biopsy, endoscopy, and colonoscopy. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was assessed qualitatively on bone marrow specimens using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with standardized primers for evaluation for B-cell receptor gene rearrangement. Responses were defined according to revised Cheson criteria. Patients with successful lymph node harvest who had obtained complete or partial response could proceed to bystander vaccination.

The GM.CD40L bystander vaccine administered intradermally into the bilateral axillary and inguinal nodal basins via eight separate injections (0.125 ml / injection). Low dose IL-2 (0.5 x 10^6 units) was given subcutaneously twice daily for 14 days following vaccination. Patients were restaged with CT and/or CT/PET and bone marrow biopsy every 6 months, beginning from the last date of chemotherapy. Follow-up bone marrow biopsy evaluation included an assessment for MRD as described above. Patients without disease progression or toxicity attributable to the vaccine were eligible for 4 monthly booster vaccines at 12 months and 24 months.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

43

Phase

  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Florida
      • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33612-9497
        • H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

  • Histologically confirmed mantle cell lymphoma

    • Stage II, III, or IV disease
    • Relapsed or de novo disease
  • No symptomatic brain metastasis

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age

  • 18 and over

Performance status

  • Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2

Life expectancy

  • Not specified

Hematopoietic

  • White blood count (WBC) > 3,000/mm^3
  • Absolute neutrophil count > 1,500/mm^3
  • Platelet count > 100,000/mm^3
  • Hematocrit > 25%
  • Hemoglobin > 8 g/dL

Hepatic

  • Bilirubin < 2.0 mg/dL

Renal

  • Creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL OR
  • Creatinine clearance > 60 mL/min

Immunologic

  • No serious ongoing infection
  • No known HIV infection
  • No other pre-existing immunodeficiency condition

Other

  • Not pregnant or nursing
  • Negative pregnancy test
  • Fertile patients must use effective contraception for 1 month before, during, and for 3 months after study treatment

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy

  • No other concurrent immunotherapy

Chemotherapy

  • More than 4 weeks since prior chemotherapy
  • No other concurrent chemotherapy

Endocrine therapy

  • More than 4 weeks since prior steroids
  • No concurrent corticosteroids except as replacement doses in patients who are hypoadrenal

Radiotherapy

  • More than 2 weeks since prior radiotherapy
  • No concurrent radiotherapy

Surgery

  • Not specified

Other

  • No other concurrent immunosuppressive therapy

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Vaccine and Conventional Therapy

Patients were treated with 3-6 cycles of chemotherapy +/- rituximab, with type and duration at the discretion of the individual clinician.

Chemotherapy: 6 courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) OR 3 courses of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine (hyper-CVAD) for patients who have relapsed after CHOP.

Patients who achieve a partial or complete response after completion of chemotherapy proceed to autologous tumor cell-based vaccine therapy.

Patients who have stable or responding disease at 12 months receive 4 additional courses of booster vaccine and low-dose IL-2.

Treatment continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Drug: Cyclophosphamide
Participants receive conventional chemotherapy comprising 6 courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) OR 3 courses of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine (hyper-CVAD) for patients who have relapsed after CHOP.
Other Names:
  • Cytoxan
Drug: Doxorubicin
Participants receive conventional chemotherapy comprising 6 courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) OR 3 courses of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine (hyper-CVAD) for patients who have relapsed after CHOP.
Other Names:
  • Rubex
  • adriamycin
Drug: Vincristine
Participants receive conventional chemotherapy comprising 6 courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) OR 3 courses of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine (hyper-CVAD) for patients who have relapsed after CHOP.
Other Names:
  • VCR
  • Oncovin
  • leurocristine
Drug: Prednisone
Participants receive conventional chemotherapy comprising 6 courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) OR 3 courses of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine (hyper-CVAD) for patients who have relapsed after CHOP.
Other Names:
  • Deltasone
  • Orasone
  • Meticorten
  • Liquid Pred
Drug: Dexamethasone
Participants receive conventional chemotherapy comprising 6 courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) OR 3 courses of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone alternating with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine (hyper-CVAD) for patients who have relapsed after CHOP.
Other Names:
  • Decadron
  • Hexadrol
  • Dexasone
  • Diodex
Biological: Autologous Tumor Cell-Based Vaccine
Participants receive vaccine comprising autologous tumor cells and GM.CD40L intradermally on day 1 and low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) subcutaneously twice daily on days 1-14. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 4 courses. Patients who have stable or responding disease at 12 months receive 4 additional courses of booster vaccine and low-dose IL-2 as above.
Drug: IL-2
Participants receive vaccine comprising autologous tumor cells and GM.CD40L intradermally on day 1 and low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) subcutaneously twice daily on days 1-14. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 4 courses. Patients who have stable or responding disease at 12 months receive 4 additional courses of booster vaccine and low-dose IL-2 as above.
Other Names:
  • interleukin-2
  • aldesleukin
  • cytokine

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Rate of Immunological Response to Vaccination
Time Frame: 4 months per participant

Immunological response to vaccination, as measured by in vitro testing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for interferon gamma secretion, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) in response to irradiated autologous tumor cells, and lymphocyte accumulation at DTH and vaccine injection sites.

DTH Skin Testing was performed within 2 weeks prior to first vaccine, and again after fourth vaccine was administered. Aliquots containing 10^6 irradiated autologous tumor cells were re-suspended in 0.2 mL of Plasma-Lyte A and injected intradermally in the forearm and marked. 48 hours later, injection site was inspected for induration and erythema.

3mm punch biopsy of DTH injection site and vaccine site was obtained 48 hours after administration of irradiated tumor cells before and after the vaccine series. Vaccine site biopsy was obtained 2-5 days after the second vaccine had been given. Granulocytic and lymphocytic accumulation at these sites was graded by a pathologist.
4 months per participant

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Occurrence of Related Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
Time Frame: 4 months per participant
Patients were monitored for toxicity every 4 weeks in clinic throughout the 4-month vaccination phase. This included clinical and laboratory evaluation (CBC, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, electrolytes, liver function test (LFT), and serum LDH). Toxicity was defined according to the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE-3) Version 3.0 (www.ctep.cancer.gov). Grade 3 or higher SAEs attributed to vaccination: Toxicity was assessed in the 23 patients who received at least one vaccine injection.
4 months per participant
Median Event Free Survival (EFS)
Time Frame: 18 months
Vaccine Response - EFS among participants who received vaccination. Event free survival (EFS) was calculated from date of enrollment until progression or death from any cause. Progressive disease (PD): At least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions, taking as reference the smallest sum LD recorded since the treatment started or the appearance of one or more new lesions.
18 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute

Collaborators

National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Novartis
Lymphoma Research Foundation

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Sophie Dessureault, M.D., Ph.D., H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

July 1, 2004

Primary Completion (Actual)

October 1, 2012

Study Completion (Actual)

June 14, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 7, 2005

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 7, 2005

First Posted (Estimated)

January 10, 2005

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

August 22, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 4, 2023

Last Verified

August 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • MCC-13840
  • 0406-654 (Other Identifier: OBA)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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