Assessing the Link Between Smoke Carcinogen Biomarkers and Lung Cancer Risk - 1

Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screen Trial

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Currently it remains impossible to predict which smokers will get cancer. Each puff of a cigarette delivers a mixture of over 60 known carcinogens. Biomarkers that quantify carcinogen levels and metabolism are a useful tool and available to use. The purpose of this study is to assess the link between tobacco smoke carcinogen biomarkers and the risk of developing lung cancer.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Tobacco Use Disorder; Lung Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Non-intervention

Detailed Description

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Approximately 90% of lung cancer is caused by cigarette smoking. While most lung cancer cases occur in smokers or ex-smokers, only 15-25% of smokers will get lung cancer. Currently it remains impossible to predict which smokers will get cancer.

Each puff of a cigarette delivers, along with nicotine, a mixture of over 60 known carcinogens. Most of these carcinogens require metabolic activation before they can negatively affect cell DNA and cause cancer. Biomarkers that quantify carcinogen levels and metabolic activity of carcinogens are a useful tool and available to use. The purpose of this study is to assess the link between tobacco smoke carcinogen biomarkers and the risk of developing lung cancer.

This observational case-control study will involve a random selection from a group of smokers who are participating in the Prostrate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screen Trial. The chosen cases will include 300 incident lung cancer cases and 300 controls (participants who have had no diagnosis of lung cancer). Demographic and baseline data from the PLCO database will be obtained. Prior baseline blood samples from the PLCO trial will be obtained as well. Based on age, sex, and smoking history, participants will be grouped into triplets in order to pool their blood samples. These samples will then be analyzed to determine whether distributions of biomarker levels in lung cancer participants differ from those in non-lung cancer participants. This study will not involve recruitment of any participants, as data and samples from the PLCO trial will be used and no new blood samples will be obtained.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 200

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Minnesota
    • Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
      • University of Minnesota

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 55 years to 74 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Case-control study nested within the Prostate Lung Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Subjects consisted of screening arm subjects who were smokers at baseline and who contributed biorepository samples at the first screening visit.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Screening arm participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovarian Screen Trial (PLCO)
• Reported smoking on baseline questionnaire of PLCO
• Contributed biorepository samples

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unstable physical or mental health

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Control
• Time Perspectives: Retrospective

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Cases; Lung cancer cases diagnosed prior to 2007 among baseline smokers in the PLCO	Other: Non-intervention; Measured total NNAL and PheT as biomarkers of exposure; Other Names: NNAL-glucuronide, phenanthrene tetraol
Controls; Subjects without lung cancer among smokers at baseline in the PLCO study	Other: Non-intervention; Measured total NNAL and PheT as biomarkers of exposure; Other Names: NNAL-glucuronide, phenanthrene tetraol

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Lung cancer	Cumulative incidence

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Minnesota
• Collaborators: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Timothy Church, Ph.D., University of Minnesota

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Church TR, Haznadar M, Geisser MS, Anderson KE, Caporaso NE, Le C, Abdullah SB, Hecht SS, Oken MM, Van Ness B. Interaction of CYP1B1, cigarette-smoke carcinogen metabolism, and lung cancer risk. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet. 2010 Aug 5;1(4):295-309.
• Church TR, Anderson KE, Caporaso NE, Geisser MS, Le CT, Zhang Y, Benoit AR, Carmella SG, Hecht SS. A prospectively measured serum biomarker for a tobacco-specific carcinogen and lung cancer in smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Jan;18(1):260-6. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0718.
• Fang G, Haznadar M, Wang W, Yu H, Steinbach M, Church TR, Oetting WS, Van Ness B, Kumar V. High-order SNP combinations associated with complex diseases: efficient discovery, statistical power and functional interactions. PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e33531. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033531. Epub 2012 Apr 19.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2005
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2007
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2007

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 16, 2005
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 16, 2005
• First Posted (Estimate): September 22, 2005

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 23, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 19, 2017
• Last Verified: January 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Lung Cancer; NNAL; Cotinine; Carcinogens; Case-control; SNPs
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Neoplasms; Lung Diseases; Neoplasms by Site; Respiratory Tract Neoplasms; Thoracic Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Tobacco Use Disorder
• Other Study ID Numbers: NIDA-13333-1; P50DA013333 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No