Pilot Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Tonsil and Adenoidectomy (T+A) in Overweight Children and Adolescents

February 12, 2009 updated by: University of Rochester
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States with roughly 20% of American children being overweight and has serious consequences such as sleep apnea.Additionally, obesity is known to result in the earlier onset of puberty . Thus, it can be expected that obese children take-on adult characteristics at an earlier chronologic age than their non-obese counterparts. Current guidelines recommend adenotonsillectomy (T+A) as primary and effective therapy for sleep apnea resulting in polysomnographic resolution in 75-100% of patients. Small studies have shown that T+A relieves symptoms in obese children but surgical intervention has been less efficacious in adults. We hypothesize that T+A may be less efficacious in obese adolescents because of earlier onset of puberty imparting more adult characteristics. We further hypothesize that the efficacy of T+A will correlate more closely with Tanner staging than with chronologic age because of the earlier onset of sexual maturation associated with obesity.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States with roughly 20% of American children being overweight . Obesity has serious health consequences increasing the risk of hypertension , type II diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea . Additionally, obesity is known to result in the earlier onset of puberty . Thus, it can be expected that obese children take-on adult characteristics at an earlier chronologic age than their non-obese counterparts.

Similarly, sleep apnea is a common problem with wide reaching consequences including increased risk for hypertension , insulin resistance and neurocognitive dysfunction leading to poor academic performance . Furthermore, sleep fragmentation produced by repetitive episodes of nocturnal apnea may lead to daytime somnolence and increased food intake as a behavioral attempt to overcome sleepiness and thereby further contribute to obesity .

Current guidelines recommend adenotonsillectomy (T+A) as primary and effective therapy for sleep apnea resulting in polysomnographic resolution in 75-100% of patients. Small studies have shown that T+A relieves symptoms in obese children but surgical intervention has been less efficacious in adults . Although nocturnal polysomnogrpahy (NPSG) is considered the gold standard by which to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS), published studies assessing the efficacy of treatment in obese children using polysomngraphy to objectively quantify the degree of sleep apnea before and after T+A do not exist.

Surgical intervention may not be indicated in children without adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Similarly, children who are at high risk for surgical or anesthetic related complications may be deemed poor surgical candidates. For these children as well as those who fail T+A, non-invasive, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) applied via a nasal mask is effective in treating sleep disordered breathing. However, CPAP is effective only when in use and multiple studies demonstrate low rates of long-term compliance in adults . No studies assessing children's adherence with CPAP exist. Certainly, it is expected that compliance in the adolescent population would be similar, if not worse than adults. Thus, CPAP is not recommended as first-line therapy when surgical intervention is viable.

We hypothesize that T+A may be less efficacious in obese adolescents because of earlier onset of puberty imparting more adult characteristics. We further hypothesize that the efficacy of T+A will correlate more closely with Tanner staging than with chronologic age because of the earlier onset of sexual maturation associated with obesity. Thus, we propose to study the efficacy of T+A in the treatment of sleep apnea in obese adolescents using polysomnography to quantify the severity of OSAS before and after T+A. It is anticipated that results from this preliminary study will be used to form the basis for studies comparing efficacy of adenotonsillectomy against the use of CPAP in this population.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

250

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • New York
      • Rochester, New York, United States, 14642
        • University of Rochester

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

8 years to 18 years (Child, Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children aged 8-18 who are overweight or at risk for overweight (defined as BMI >85%ile for age and gender referred for evaluation and treatment of sleep apnea.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children with underlying craniofacial anomalies, chromosomal abnormalities, neuromuscular disorders and metabolic disorders except diabetes will be excluded. Children and parents who do not speak or write English will be excluded. Children with neuropsychiatric disabilities severe enough to preclude sufficient cooperation with overnight polysomnography will also be excluded.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Time Perspectives: Prospective

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Rochester

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Heidi V. Connolly, MD, University of Rochester
  • Principal Investigator: Margaret-Ann Carno, PhD,RN, University of Rochester

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

September 1, 2004

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 15, 2005

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 15, 2005

First Posted (Estimate)

September 22, 2005

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

February 13, 2009

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 12, 2009

Last Verified

September 1, 2006

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 10297

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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