A Phase I Imaging and Pharmacodynamic Trial of CS-1008 in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

This was a Phase 1, open-label, single-center study of CS-1008, an immunoglobulin G subclass 1 (IgG1) humanized monoclonal antibody, in subjects with advanced colorectal carcinoma who had received ≥ 1 prior chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease. Primary study objectives were to determine the influence of the CS-1008 dose on the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics (PK) and tumor uptake of radiolabeled CS-1008 following a single infusion and following continuous sequential doses of CS-1008. Secondary objectives were to evaluate changes in tumor metabolism, antitumor response, and changes in serum apoptosis biomarkers and tumor response markers following treatment with CS-1008.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Colorectal Neoplasms
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: CS-1008

Detailed Description

Eligible subjects were to be enrolled into one of 5 dose-escalation cohorts to receive CS-1008 administered weekly as an intravenous (IV) infusion over 30 ± 10 minutes. Each cohort initially comprised 2 subjects but was expanded in up to 5 subjects if additional biodistribution and/or PK data were required.

The initial infusion of CS-1008 on Day 1 was trace labeled with Indium-111 (111^In-CS-1008; 5-7 mCi) and was investigated at escalating doses up to the standard loading dose, as follows: Cohort 1 (0.2 mg/kg), Cohort 2 (1 mg/kg), Cohort 3 (2 mg/kg), Cohort 4 (4 mg/kg), and Cohort 5 (6 mg/kg). The initial 111^In-CS-1008 dose was followed by gamma camera imaging with blood sampling over a 10-day period to evaluate biodistribution, tumor uptake, PK, and serum biomarkers. Day 8 dosing comprised non-labeled CS-1008 at doses of 6 mg/kg in Cohorts 1-3, 4 mg/kg in Cohort 4, and 2 mg/kg in Cohort 5. Subsequent weekly infusions of standard dose CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) were administered on Days 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43. The Day 36 infusion of CS-1008 was also trace labeled with 111^In (5-7 mCi), with subsequent gamma camera imaging and blood sampling.

Subjects were assessed for disease status using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1, serum tumor biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA]), and human-anti-CS-1008-antibody development (HAHA). Subjects were assessed for changes in tumor metabolism following CS-1008 administration using computed tomography (CT) or fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18^F-FDG PET) scans.

Cycle 1 encompassed the first 7 weeks of therapy. Within 1 week (Days 44-50) after the last infusion of CS-1008, subjects completed an End of Study/End of Cycle 1 assessment. Subjects with stable disease or better (according to RECIST version 1.1) at the Day 44-50 reassessment were permitted to receive additional 4-week cycles of CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or subject/physician decision.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 19
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Australia
  • Victoria
    • Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3084
      • Ludwig Institute Tumor Targeting Program, Austin Health

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Histologically proven metastatic colorectal cancer with 1 target lesion ≥ 2 cm and evaluable by gamma camera imaging. If this lesion was previously irradiated, progression must have been documented following radiotherapy.
2. Received at least 1 prior course of chemotherapy for metastatic disease.
3. Expected survival of at least 3 months.
4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤ 2.
5. Age ≥ 18 years old.
6. Able and willing to give valid written informed consent.

7. Within the last 1 week prior to first study drug administration, laboratory parameters for vital functions were to be in the normal range. Laboratory abnormalities that were not clinically significant were generally permitted, except for the following laboratory parameters, which were to be within the ranges specified:

   • Neutrophil count: ≥ 1.5 x 10^9/L
   • Platelet count: ≥ 90 x 10^9/L
   • International normalized ratio: ≤ 1.5
   • Serum bilirubin: ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
   • Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT): ≤ 2 x ULN (≤ 5 x ULN if liver metastases)
   • Calculated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft-Gault formula): ≥ 55 mL/min

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Active central nervous system metastases. Definitively treated metastases were allowed if stable for 6 weeks off therapy.
2. Known immunodeficiency or human immunodeficiency virus positivity.
3. Serious illnesses, e.g., serious infections requiring antibiotics, bleeding disorders, or any condition that in the opinion of the Investigator would have interfered with the ability of the subject to fulfill the study requirements.
4. Other malignancy, apart from non-melanoma skin cancer, within 3 years prior to first study drug administration, that in the opinion of the Investigator had >10% risk of relapse within 12 months.
5. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or investigational agent within 4 weeks prior to first study drug administration.
6. Regular corticosteroid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (other than paracetamol or low-dose aspirin) or other immunosuppressive treatment within 3 weeks prior to first drug administration. Intermittent dosing of corticosteroid or NSAID was permitted if less than 4 doses within a 3-day period.
7. Mental impairment that may have compromised the ability to give informed consent and comply with the requirements of the study.
8. Lack of availability for clinical follow-up assessments.
9. Pregnancy or breastfeeding.
10. Women of childbearing potential: refusal or inability to use effective means of contraception.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

5

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Cohort 1; Subjects received an initial loading dose of 111^In-CS-1008 (0.2 mg/kg) on Day 1, CS-1008 (6 mg/kg) on Day 8, and subsequent weekly doses of CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) on Days 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43; the Day 36 dose was also radiolabeled with 111^In. Additional 4-week cycles of weekly CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) were permitted for subjects benefiting from treatment.	Drug: CS-1008; CS-1008 was administered once weekly as an intravenous infusion over 30 ± 10 minutes at a dose range of 0.2 to 6 mg/kg. On Days 1 and 36, CS-1008 infusions were radiolabeled with 111^In (5-7 mCi).; Other Names: Tigatuzumab
EXPERIMENTAL: Cohort 2; Subjects received an initial loading dose of 111^In-CS-1008 (1 mg/kg) on Day 1, CS-1008 (6 mg/kg) on Day 8, and subsequent weekly doses of CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) on Days 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43; the Day 36 dose was also radiolabeled with 111^In. Additional 4-week cycles of weekly CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) were permitted for subjects benefiting from treatment.	Drug: CS-1008; CS-1008 was administered once weekly as an intravenous infusion over 30 ± 10 minutes at a dose range of 0.2 to 6 mg/kg. On Days 1 and 36, CS-1008 infusions were radiolabeled with 111^In (5-7 mCi).; Other Names: Tigatuzumab
EXPERIMENTAL: Cohort 3; Subjects received an initial loading dose of 111^In-CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) on Day 1, CS-1008 (6 mg/kg) on Day 8, and subsequent weekly doses of CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) on Days 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43; the Day 36 dose was also radiolabeled with 111^In. Additional 4-week cycles of weekly CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) were permitted for subjects benefiting from treatment.	Drug: CS-1008; CS-1008 was administered once weekly as an intravenous infusion over 30 ± 10 minutes at a dose range of 0.2 to 6 mg/kg. On Days 1 and 36, CS-1008 infusions were radiolabeled with 111^In (5-7 mCi).; Other Names: Tigatuzumab
EXPERIMENTAL: Cohort 4; Subjects received an initial loading dose of 111^In-CS-1008 (4 mg/kg) on Day 1, CS-1008 (4 mg/kg) on Day 8, and subsequent weekly doses of CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) on Days 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43; the Day 36 dose was also radiolabeled with 111^In. Additional 4-week cycles of weekly CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) were permitted for subjects benefiting from treatment.	Drug: CS-1008; CS-1008 was administered once weekly as an intravenous infusion over 30 ± 10 minutes at a dose range of 0.2 to 6 mg/kg. On Days 1 and 36, CS-1008 infusions were radiolabeled with 111^In (5-7 mCi).; Other Names: Tigatuzumab
EXPERIMENTAL: Cohort 5; Subjects received an initial loading dose of 111^In-CS-1008 (6 mg/kg) on Day 1, CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) on Day 8, and subsequent weekly doses of CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) on Days 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43; the Day 36 dose was also radiolabeled with 111^In. Additional 4-week cycles of weekly CS-1008 (2 mg/kg) were permitted for subjects benefiting from treatment.	Drug: CS-1008; CS-1008 was administered once weekly as an intravenous infusion over 30 ± 10 minutes at a dose range of 0.2 to 6 mg/kg. On Days 1 and 36, CS-1008 infusions were radiolabeled with 111^In (5-7 mCi).; Other Names: Tigatuzumab

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Subjects With Tumor Uptake of 111^In-CS-1008 in Target Lesions Based on Gamma Camera Imaging Following the Day 1 and Day 36 Infusions	Tumor localization was assessed using gamma camera imaging performed after the initial infusion of 111^In-CS-1008 on Day 1 and then on Days 2, 4/5, 7/8, and 11/12 (collectively, "After Day 1 Infusion" in the table) and after the second infusion of 111^In-CS-1008 on Day 36 and then on Days 37, 39/40, and 42/43 (collectively, "After Day 36 Infusion" in the table). Dosimetry calculations were performed to determine the tumor localization properties of 111^In-CS-1008. Calculation of whole body dose and doses to individual organs by 111^In-CS-1008 were performed based on conjugate view images obtained from quantitative whole body images obtained at multiple time points. MIRD formalism was used in the calculation of doses.	Up to 43 days
Mean Tumor Uptake of 111^In-CS-1008 Based on Gamma Camera Imaging Following the Day 1 and Day 36 Infusions	Tumor localization was assessed using gamma camera imaging performed on Days 7/8 and 42/43. Dosimetry calculations were performed to determine the tumor localization properties of 111^In-CS-1008. Calculation of whole body dose and doses to individual organs by 111^In-CS-1008 were performed based on conjugate view images obtained from quantitative whole body images obtained at multiple time points. MIRD formalism was used in the calculation of doses.	Up to 43 days
Mean 111^In-CS-1008 Serum Half-life by Gamma Counting Following the Day 1 Infusion of 111^In-CS-1008	The serum PK of CS-1008 was evaluated by gamma scintillation counting to assess serum radioactivity (111^In-CS-1008) and CS-1008 protein concentration following the Day 1 infusion at the following time points: Day 1 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours post-infusion), Day 2 (24 hours after Day 1 infusion), Day 4/5, Day 7/8 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes post-infusion if on Day 8), Day 11/12, and Day 36 (pre-infusion).	Up to 36 days
Mean 111^In-CS-1008 Serum Volume of Central Compartment by Gamma Counting Following the Day 1 Infusion of 111^In-CS-1008	The serum PK of CS-1008 was evaluated by gamma scintillation counting to assess serum radioactivity (111^In-CS-1008) and CS-1008 protein concentration following the Day 1 infusion at the following time points: Day 1 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours post-infusion), Day 2 (24 hours after Day 1 infusion), Day 4/5, Day 7/8 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes post-infusion if on Day 8), Day 11/12, and Day 36 (pre-infusion).	Up to 36 days
Mean 111^In-CS-1008 Serum Area Under the Curve by Gamma Counting Following the Day 1 Infusion of 111^In-CS-1008	The serum PK of CS-1008 was evaluated by gamma scintillation counting to assess serum radioactivity (111^In-CS-1008) and CS-1008 protein concentration following the Day 1 infusion at the following time points: Day 1 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours post-infusion), Day 2 (24 hours after Day 1 infusion), Day 4/5, Day 7/8 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes post-infusion if on Day 8), Day 11/12, and Day 36 (pre-infusion).	Up to 36 days
Mean 111^In-CS-1008 Serum Total Clearance by Gamma Counting Following the Day 1 Infusion of 111^In-CS-1008	The serum PK of CS-1008 was evaluated by gamma scintillation counting to assess serum radioactivity (111^In-CS-1008) and CS-1008 protein concentration following the Day 1 infusion at the following time points: Day 1 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours post-infusion), Day 2 (24 hours after Day 1 infusion), Day 4/5, Day 7/8 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes post-infusion if on Day 8), Day 11/12, and Day 36 (pre-infusion).	Up to 36 days
Mean 111^In-CS-1008 Serum Maximum Concentration by Gamma Counting Following the Day 1 Infusion of 111^In-CS-1008	The serum PK of CS-1008 was evaluated by gamma scintillation counting to assess serum radioactivity (111^In-CS-1008) and CS-1008 protein concentration following the Day 1 infusion at the following time points: Day 1 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours post-infusion), Day 2 (24 hours after Day 1 infusion), Day 4/5, Day 7/8 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes post-infusion if on Day 8), Day 11/12, and Day 36 (pre-infusion).	Up to 36 days
Mean 111^In-CS-1008 Serum Half-life by Gamma Counting Following the Day 36 Infusion of 111^In-CS-1008	The serum PK of CS-1008 was evaluated by gamma scintillation counting to assess serum radioactivity (111^In-CS-1008) and CS-1008 protein concentration following the Day 36 infusion at the following time points: Day 36 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours post-infusion), Day 37 (24 hours after Day 36 infusion), Day 39/40, Day 43 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes post-infusion), and at the End of Cycle visit (Days 44-50).	Up to 50 days
Mean 111^In-CS-1008 Serum Volume of Central Compartment by Gamma Counting Following the Day 36 Infusion of 111^In-CS-1008	The serum PK of CS-1008 was evaluated by gamma scintillation counting to assess serum radioactivity (111^In-CS-1008) and CS-1008 protein concentration following the Day 36 infusion at the following time points: Day 36 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours post-infusion), Day 37 (24 hours after Day 36 infusion), Day 39/40, Day 43 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes post-infusion), and at the End of Cycle visit (Days 44-50).	Up to 50 days
Mean 111^In-CS-1008 Serum Area Under the Curve by Gamma Counting Following the Day 36 Infusion of 111^In-CS-1008	The serum PK of CS-1008 was evaluated by gamma scintillation counting to assess serum radioactivity (111^In-CS-1008) and CS-1008 protein concentration following the Day 36 infusion at the following time points: Day 36 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours post-infusion), Day 37 (24 hours after Day 36 infusion), Day 39/40, Day 43 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes post-infusion), and at the End of Cycle visit (Days 44-50).	Up to 50 days
Mean 111^In-CS-1008 Serum Total Clearance by Gamma Counting Following the Day 36 Infusion of 111^In-CS-1008	The serum PK of CS-1008 was evaluated by gamma scintillation counting to assess serum radioactivity (111^In-CS-1008) and CS-1008 protein concentration following the Day 36 infusion at the following time points: Day 36 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours post-infusion), Day 37 (24 hours after Day 36 infusion), Day 39/40, Day 43 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes post-infusion), and at the End of Cycle visit (Days 44-50).	Up to 50 days
Mean 111^In-CS-1008 Serum Maximum Concentration by Gamma Counting Following the Day 36 Infusion of 111^In-CS-1008	The serum PK of CS-1008 was evaluated by gamma scintillation counting to assess serum radioactivity (111^In-CS-1008) and CS-1008 protein concentration following the Day 36 infusion at the following time points: Day 36 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours post-infusion), Day 37 (24 hours after Day 36 infusion), Day 39/40, Day 43 (pre-infusion and 5 minutes post-infusion), and at the End of Cycle visit (Days 44-50).	Up to 50 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Subjects With Best Overall Tumor Response	Tumor responses were evaluated using appropriate imaging and categorized according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), Version 1.1, at Screening, at the end of every odd-numbered cycle (i.e., Cycles 1, 3, and 5, as applicable), and at the time of treatment discontinuation. Per RECIST 1.1, target lesions are categorized as follows: Complete Response (CR): Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR): ≥ 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Progressive Disease (PD): ≥ 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Stable Disease (SD): small changes that do not meet above criteria (Eisenhauer et al. Eur J Cancer 2009;45:228-47).	Up to 7 months
Number of Subjects With Best Overall Metabolic Response	Metabolic response to CS-1008 was assessed by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18^F-FDG PET) at Screening, Day 15, and at the End of Cycle 1/End of Study visit (Days 44-50). For each FDG-PET performed, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) corrected for body weight for all target lesions >2 cm identified on CT imaging was calculated using region of interest (ROI). The ROI was determined with the aid of the anatomical detail provided by the CT scan. Tumor metabolic response to CS-1008 was assessed by 18^F-FDG PET/CT calculated using the target lesion with the greatest baseline SUVmax, and was categorized according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) guidelines (Young et al. Eur J Cancer 1999;35:1773-82).	Up to 50 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research
• Collaborators: Daiichi Sankyo, Inc.
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Andrew M Scott, MBBS, MD, FRACP, DDU, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research & Austin Health

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, Dancey J, Arbuck S, Gwyther S, Mooney M, Rubinstein L, Shankar L, Dodd L, Kaplan R, Lacombe D, Verweij J. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009 Jan;45(2):228-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026.
• Young H, Baum R, Cremerius U, Herholz K, Hoekstra O, Lammertsma AA, Pruim J, Price P. Measurement of clinical and subclinical tumour response using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography: review and 1999 EORTC recommendations. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) PET Study Group. Eur J Cancer. 1999 Dec;35(13):1773-82. doi: 10.1016/s0959-8049(99)00229-4.
• Ciprotti M, Tebbutt NC, Lee FT, Lee ST, Gan HK, McKee DC, O'Keefe GJ, Gong SJ, Chong G, Hopkins W, Chappell B, Scott FE, Brechbiel MW, Tse AN, Jansen M, Matsumura M, Kotsuma M, Watanabe R, Venhaus R, Beckman RA, Greenberg J, Scott AM. Phase I Imaging and Pharmacodynamic Trial of CS-1008 in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug 20;33(24):2609-16. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.60.4256. Epub 2015 Jun 29.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): October 12, 2010
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): June 27, 2012
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): June 27, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 12, 2010
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 13, 2010
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): October 14, 2010

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): October 28, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 3, 2022
• Last Verified: October 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Pharmacokinetics; Positron-Emission Tomography; Clinical trial; Pharmacodynamics; apoptosis; CS-1008 mAb; monoclonal antibody CS-1008; caspases
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Colonic Diseases; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Neoplasms; Rectal Diseases; Colorectal Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: LUD2010-002

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No