Circle of Life. Improving Capacity of Swampy Cree Community Members to Recognize People at Risk for Suicide

Circle of Life.Improving Capacity of Swampy Cree Community Members to Recognize People at Risk for Suicide: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Primary Hypothesis: Participants in the Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) gatekeeper training will be significantly more likely to have increased knowledge and preparedness to help people with suicidal ideation than participants who receive the resilience retreat.

Secondary Hypotheses:

1. Participants in ASIST gatekeeper training will not have higher levels of post-intervention distress or suicidal ideation compared to the resilience retreat.
2. High levels of distress, grief, and alcohol abuse will significantly impact on the learning and retention of suicide intervention skills.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Suicide
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training; Behavioral: Resilience Retreat

Detailed Description

Inclusion criterion: All members of the Swampy Cree Tribal communities who are currently residing on the reserves will be eligible to participate in the study.

Exclusion criterion: Exclusion criteria for the study include being less than 16 years of age, prior training in SafeTALK or ASIST, being an elected official in a First Nations community, and inability to read or write.

Primary outcome: Skills in Suicide Intervention: Suicide Intervention Response Inventory.The Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI) will be used to detect enhancement of intervention skills in participants. The SIRI is a self-administered test that was designed to measure competence in choosing appropriate response to a series of clinical scenarios with suicidal individuals. Research on the SIRI has shown its good psychometric properties, freedom from social desirability effects, and responsiveness to training in suicide prevention. It contains 25 items, each of which consists of a "client" remark and two "helper" responses. Responses are judged based on response options made by highly expert suicidologists. The SIRI has shown good internal consistency with alpha of 0.834, and good test-retest reliability.

Secondary Outcomes:

• Knowledge about suicide, attitudes toward suicide, and self-reported preparedness to intervene with suicidal behavior will be measured by a series of questions that were developed by LivingWorks Inc.
• Gatekeeper behaviors will be measured similar to questions utilized by Wyman in the school-based study that assess how many people had the person asked others about suicide.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 55
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Manitoba
    • Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3E 3N4
      • University of Manitoba Department of Psychiatry

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• All members of the Swampy Cree Tribal communities who are currently residing on the reserves will be eligible to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• being less than 16 years of age
• prior training in SafeTALK or ASIST
• being an elected official in a First Nations community

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST); ASIST is a 2-day intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Behavioral: Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training; Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop.; Other Names: ASIST
Active Comparator: Resilience Retreat; The two days will be divided into cultural activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, story telling and dance. Two First Nations community leaders will be identified to lead each of the two retreats.	Behavioral: Resilience Retreat; The Resilience Retreat is a 2-day, 14 hour session

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
SIRI Questionnaire Score	The Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI-2) will be used to detect enhancement of intervention skills in participants. The 25-item SIRI-2 is a self-administered test that was designed to measure competnce in choosing appropriate response to a series of clinical scenarios with suicidal individuals. Research on the SIRI-2 has shown its good psychometric properties, freedom from social desirabiity effects and responsiveness to training in suicide prevention.	pre-training, post-training and 6 mo follow up

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Self-perceived Confidence in Helping a Suicidal Individual	Meaures the level of confidence that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 4 (very confident).	pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-perceived Skill in Helping a Suicidal Individual	Measures the level of ability that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all skilled) to 4 (very skilled).	pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-perceived Knowledge About Suicide	Measures the level of knowledge about suicide that the individual believes they have based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all knowledgeable) to 4 (very knowledgeable).	pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-perceived Preparedness	Measures the level of preparedness of the individual to help someone who is suicidal based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all prepared) to 4 (very prepared).	pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-reported Distress	Measures the level of distress in the participant using the K6 distress scale. The scale is comprised of six questions which are scored from 0 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time). The sum of the scores from all six questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (not at all distressed) to 24 (very distressed).	pre-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-reported Alcohol Use	Details participants' level of alcohol consumption and if it may be harmful according to the AUDIT. The AUDIT scale is comprised of ten questions with most questions being scored from 0 (never) to 4 (4 or more times per week). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (no risk related to alcohol) to 40 (high risk related to alcohol). Total scores of 8 or more are recommended as indicators of hazardous and harmful alcohol use, as well as possible alcohol dependence.	pre-training and 6 month follow-up
Self-reported Resiliency Score	Assesses resiliency in the participant according to the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, 10-item. The CD-RISC 10 is comprised of ten questions scored from 0 (Not at all true) to 4 (True nearly all of the time). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (low resiliency) to 40 (highly resilient).	pre-training and 6 month follow-up
Lifetime Suicidal Ideation at Baseline	Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in their lifetime as measured at baseline	July 19-20, 2010
Lifetime Suicide Attempt at Baseline	Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt in their lifetime as measured at baseline	July 19-20, 2010
Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days at Baseline	Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured at baseline (not at all vs a little to a lot)	July 19-20, 2010
Number of People With Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days Immediately Post Training	Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured immediately post training (not at all vs a little to a lot)	July 22-23, 2010
Suicidal Ideation Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up	Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up (not at all vs a little to a lot)	January 28-31, 2011
Attempted Suicide Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up	Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up	January 28-31, 2011
Gatekeeper Behaviors - Asked Person at Risk About Suicidal Thoughts	Number of participants who have asked someone that they thought was at risk about suicidal thoughts since the training, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment.	January 28-31, 2011
Gatekeeper Behaviours - Did Not Ask Person at Risk	Number of participants who did not ask someone about their suicidal thoughts even though they thought they were at risk, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment based on time since training.	January 28-31, 2011

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Manitoba
• Collaborators: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jitender Sareen, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Sareen J, Isaak C, Bolton SL, Enns MW, Elias B, Deane F, Munro G, Stein MB, Chateau D, Gould M, Katz LY. Gatekeeper training for suicide prevention in First Nations community members: a randomized controlled trial. Depress Anxiety. 2013 Oct;30(10):1021-9. doi: 10.1002/da.22141. Epub 2013 Jun 12.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: July 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): February 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 10, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 28, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): February 1, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): May 13, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 9, 2014
• Last Verified: April 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: First Nations; Suicide Intervention; Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST); Resilience Retreat; Suicide Intervention and Response Inventory (SIRI)
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicide
• Other Study ID Numbers: H2010:192