Scapular Dyskinesis: a Reliability and Validity Study of Comprehensive Classification Test

Study Design: Clinical measurement (cross-sectional)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the novel scapular dyskinesis classification test.

Background: A visual-based clinical assessment with sufficient reliability and validity to identify scapular dyskinesis provides information for rehabilitation treatment.

Methods: A visual-based palpation method was evaluated by two independent physiotherapists in 60 subjects with unilateral shoulder pain to test reliability. This method classified the scapular movements during arm raising/lowing movements in scapular plane as single abnormal scapular patterns (inferior angle/ medial border/ superior border of scapula prominence and abnormal scapulohumeral rhythm) or mixed abnormal scapular patterns. Different patterns of scapular dyskinesis were also validated by corresponding alternation of the scapular kinematics and muscular activities assessed by electromagnetic motion-capturing system and surface electromyography (EMG).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Unilateral Shoulder Pain With and Without Scapular Dyskinesis

Detailed Description

No other detailed description

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 60

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Taipei, Taiwan
    • Performance analysis laboratory

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 50 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Sixty subjects (36 males and 14 females, age: 22.5 ± 2.6) were recruited.Potential participants from outpatient clinic in a University hospital and local internet media were evaluated and recruited. They read and signed the informed consent approved by the Hospital institutional review boards.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• (1) they were from 18 to 50 years old and (2) they had unilateral shoulder pain around shoulder complex during activities.

Exclusion Criteria:

• history of shoulder dislocation, fracture, or shoulder surgery within past 1 year, or a history of direct contact injury to the neck if upper extremities within the past 1 month, scoliosis or excessive kyphosis, neurological disorders, body mass index (BMI)≧25, or demonstrate pain (VAS>3) during overall testing procedure.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Reliability of scapular dyskinesis test	The inter-rater reliability for the comprehensive scapular dyskinesis classification test was described using percentage of agreement and κ coefficient. Rating of scapular dyskinesis was evaluated and classified into 8 patterns including(A) patterns I (B) patterns II (C) pattern III (D) pattern IV (E) pattern I+II (F) pattern II+III (G) pattern I+III (H) pattern I+II+III.	2 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Validity of scapular dyskinesis test	Different patterns of scapular dyskinesis were validated by corresponding alternation of the scapular kinematics and muscular activities assessed by electromagnetic motion-capturing system and surface electromyography. To quantitatively characterize the scapular kinematics and muscular activities, the kinematic data at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° and EMG data at 0~30°, 30°~60°, 60°~90°, 90°~120°, and >120° in the raising and lowering phases of humeral movement in the scapular plane were used as dependent variables. Data from the same scapular dyskinesis pattern assessed by 2 raters were used for validity analysis.	2 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Taiwan University Hospital
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jiu-Jenq Lin, PhD, School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 100 Taipei, Taiwan

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Huang TS, Ou HL, Huang CY, Lin JJ. Specific kinematics and associated muscle activation in individuals with scapular dyskinesis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2015 Aug;24(8):1227-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2014.12.022. Epub 2015 Feb 19.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2012
• Study Completion (Actual): October 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 12, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 10, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): October 14, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): October 14, 2013
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 10, 2013
• Last Verified: October 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: scapular dyskinesis, kinematics, muscular activities
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Movement Disorders; Arthralgia; Shoulder Pain; Dyskinesias
• Other Study ID Numbers: 201112034RIB