Evaluation of Effects of Green Coffee Bean Extract (GCE) on Physiological and Psychological Variables

Evaluation of Effects of Green Coffee Bean Extract (GCE) on Physiological and Psychological Variables- a Randomized, Placebo-controlled and Double-blinded Study in Healthy Subjects

Coffee as one of the most favorite worldwide beverages comprises a variety of chemicals with health benefits. Most investigations have so far focused on the beneficial effects of caffeine but knowledge about non-caffeine coffee compounds such as chlorogenic acid (CGA) is scarce. The reducing risk of a variety of diseases following CGA consumption has been mentioned in recent basic and clinical studies. However, there is a lack of studies that examine the behavioral effects of CGA. This study aims to fill this gap.

In a randomized double-blind study, the investigators test the acute effects of coffee enriched with CGA or CGA supplement on physiological functions such as blood pressure, blood glucose, and heart rate, and on psychological functions such as mood and cognitive performance in 30 healthy adult subjects (18-40 years).

Participants will be allocated to an intervention plan using computer-generated random numbers. Treatments comprise of (1) 6g decaffeinated (5 mg caffeine) coffee (250 ml) with high total CGA (560 mg), or (2) 6g decaffeinated coffee (250 ml) with normal total CGA (224 mg), or (3) 6g decaffeinated coffee (250 ml) with normal total CGA and 800mg green coffee bean extract with total CGA (560mg), or (4) 6g decaffeinated coffee (250 ml) with normal total CGA and placebo, or (5) no treatment group. Upon arrival in the laboratory, participants will complete a 24-hour food recall, a psychometric test battery, and mood and cognitive performance tests. The tests will be repeated 40 min following CGA application, which coincide with the approximated peak of CGA blood concentrations and at 120 min post treatment. Blood pressure, blood glucose and heart rate recordings will be taken prior to treatment and at 1, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min post-treatment. The response to GCE-enriched coffee will be compared to GCE supplement for each of the groups of variables.

Study Overview

• Status: Withdrawn
• Conditions: Blood Pressure
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: decaffeinated coffee; Dietary supplement: chlorogenic acid; Dietary supplement: green coffee bean extract supplement; Dietary supplement: placebo

Detailed Description

Coffee as one of the most favorite worldwide beverages comprises a variety of chemicals maintaining the greatest health benefits among the commonly consumed beverages. Most investigations have so far focused on the beneficial effects of caffeine. On the contrary, knowledge on potential health benefits of non-caffeine coffee compounds is scarce. Coffee contains many polyphenols, especially chlorogenic acids (CGA), which have purported antioxidant abilities. With increasing incidence of degenerative diseases, the general public is turning to use natural herbal supplements, as one of these agents, CGA has been biologically and medically emphasized and can be expected to become a topic addressed in future studies, medical trends and pharmacology. The reducing risk of a variety of diseases following CGA consumption has been mentioned in recent basic and clinical studies. However, there is a lack of studies that examine the behavioral effects of CGA. This study aims to fill this gap.

In a randomized double-blind study, the investigators test the acute effects of coffee enriched with CGA or CGA supplement on physiological functions such as blood pressure, blood glucose, and heart rate, and on psychological functions such as mood and cognitive performance in 30 healthy adult subjects (18-40 years).

Participants will be allocated to an intervention plan using computer-generated random numbers. Treatments comprise of (1) 6g decaffeinated (5 mg caffeine) coffee (250 ml) with high total CGA (560 mg), or (2) 6g decaffeinated coffee (250 ml) with normal total CGA (224 mg) , or (3) 6g decaffeinated coffee (250 ml) with normal total CGA and 800mg green coffee bean extract with total CGA (560mg), or (4) 6g decaffeinated coffee (250 ml) with normal total CGA and placebo, or (5) no treatment group. Participants will be instructed to abstain from alcohol, foods, and beverages containing caffeine, chlorogenic acids and high polyphenol content for 24 hours prior to the experiment. Upon arrival in the laboratory, participants will complete a 24-hour food recall, a psychometric test battery consisting of the questionnaire on competence and control beliefs (FKK), the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), the Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), General Self-Efficacy (SWE) questionnaire, and mood and cognitive performance tests consisting of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire, a parametric Go/no-Go test (PGNG) and the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). The POMS, Go/no-Go, and CVLT will be repeated 40 min following CGA application, which coincide with the approximated peak of CGA blood concentrations and at 120 min post treatment. Blood pressure, blood glucose and heart rate recordings will be taken prior to treatment and at 1, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min post-treatment. The response to GCE-enriched coffee will be compared to GCE supplement for each of the groups of variables.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 40 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy adults between 18 and 40 years old
• Normal weight (BMI > 18 and < 25 kg/m2)
• Regular coffee drinkers (1 to 2 cups/day)
• Both male and female

Exclusion Criteria:

• BMI <18 or >25 kg/m2
• Systolic blood pressure (SBP) <100 or >160 mmHg
• Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <50 or >100 mmHg
• History of neurological, psychiatric, cardiac, endocrine or other disorders
• History of substance abuse
• Current use of antihypertensive and psychotropic medication
• More than 30 g/day alcohol consumption
• Woman who are pregnant or lactating

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: DOUBLE

Number of Arms

5

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Drink high-CGA; Participants will drink once 250ml of decaffeinated coffee enriched with chlorogenic acid (CGA) (6g decaffeinated coffee (5 mg caffeine) with high total CGA (560 mg)).	Dietary supplement: decaffeinated coffee; Decaffeinated coffee with low chlorogenic acid (224mg; low-CGA); Dietary supplement: chlorogenic acid; Decaffeinated coffee with high chlorogenic acid (560mg; high-CGA)
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Drink low-CGA; 6g decaffeinated coffee (250 ml) with normal total CGA (224 mg)	Dietary supplement: decaffeinated coffee; Decaffeinated coffee with low chlorogenic acid (224mg; low-CGA); Dietary supplement: chlorogenic acid; Decaffeinated coffee with high chlorogenic acid (560mg; high-CGA)
EXPERIMENTAL: Capsules high-CGA; 6g decaffeinated coffee (250 ml) with normal total CGA and 800mg green coffee bean extract supplement with total CGA (560mg)	Dietary supplement: decaffeinated coffee; Decaffeinated coffee with low chlorogenic acid (224mg; low-CGA); Dietary supplement: chlorogenic acid; Decaffeinated coffee with high chlorogenic acid (560mg; high-CGA); Dietary supplement: green coffee bean extract supplement; Decaffeinated coffee together with green coffee bean extract supplement (560mg; high-CGA)
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Capsules low-CGA; 6g decaffeinated coffee (250 ml) with normal total CGA and placebo	Dietary supplement: decaffeinated coffee; Decaffeinated coffee with low chlorogenic acid (224mg; low-CGA); Dietary supplement: chlorogenic acid; Decaffeinated coffee with high chlorogenic acid (560mg; high-CGA); Dietary supplement: placebo; Decaffeinated coffee with placebo capsules as control group for green coffee bean extract supplement (224mg; low-CGA)
NO_INTERVENTION: Control; No treatment control group

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
blood pressure	from baseline to 30 min after intake of CGA

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
heart rate		from baseline to 30 min after intake of CGA
blood glucose		from baseline to 30 min after intake of CGA
mood (Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire)	Assessed with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire	from baseline to 30 min after intake of CGA
cognitive performance (parametric go/no-go task)	Assessed with a parametric go/no-go task measuring reaction times, attention (percentage of correct trials), and inhibition (percentage of correct inhibited trials)	from baseline to 30 min after intake of CGA

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University Hospital Tuebingen
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Isabelle Mack, Dr., University Hospital Tübingen

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): July 1, 2015
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): July 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 19, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 13, 2015
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): March 17, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): January 26, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 25, 2016
• Last Verified: January 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: GCB1