Prevention of Post-operative Urinary Retention (POUR)

Pre-operative Tamsulosin for the Prevention of Post-operative Urinary Retention: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial

The purpose of this study is to determine if tamsulosin ("FLOMAX") is effective in preventing post-operative urinary retention following abdominal surgery. Post-operative urinary retention is a common post-operative complication, occurring in up to 30% of patients undergoing abdominal surgery. It can be described as the inability to initiate urination or properly empty one's bladder following surgery. It is usually self-limited, but it requires the use of catheterization to empty the bladder in order to prevent further injury to the bladder or kidneys and to relief the discomfort of a full bladder. Tamsulosin is a medication that is commonly used in men with urinary symptoms related to an enlarged prostate. There is some evidence to suggest that it may also potentially be beneficial for preventing post-operative urinary retention. Therefore, in this research study, subjects scheduled for abdominal surgery will be randomly assigned to take either tamsulosin once-daily or placebo once-daily for one week leading up to surgery, and up to several days after surgery. Urinary function will be assessed and compared between these two treatments. The hypothesis is that tamsulosin will reduce the rate of postoperative urinary retention compared to placebo.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Urinary Tract Infections; Urinary Retention
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Tamsulosin; Drug: Placebo

Detailed Description

Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) complicates up to 30% of general abdominal operations. It results in patient discomfort, embarrassment, interference with therapies, and significant nursing burden. More importantly, urinary retention necessitates use of intermittent catheterization or placement of an indwelling urinary catheter, which exposes the patient to an increased risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), urethral injury, and potentially increased hospital length of stay and cost. For these reasons, a safe and effective intervention for preventing POUR would be highly valuable. Despite such a need, no contemporary studies exist evaluating medications that can be used to prevent POUR in broad general surgery populations. To address this gap, the investigators have designed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to test the hypothesis that preoperative loading with tamsulosin will prevent POUR in patients undergoing elective, inpatient complex intra-abdominal surgery and thereby lead to improved short-term outcomes.

Tamsulosin is a safe and widely-used selective alpha-1-A adrenergic blocker commonly used for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hypertrophy. It has also been shown to have some benefit in reducing POUR and need for catheterization in men undergoing inguinal hernia repair and other outpatient urologic procedures. This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which patients scheduled for inpatient complex intra-abdominal surgery will be randomized to receive either tamsulosin or placebo for 7 days pre-operatively, and up to several days post-operatively, and then rates of POUR will be compared between the two groups (Aim 1). A retrospective analysis of the data will be used to identify risk factors for POUR and subgroups of patients that would derive the greatest benefit from preoperative tamsulosin (Aim 2). Furthermore, short-term outcomes, including rate of urinary tract infection (UTI) and hospital length of stay, will be compared between the tamsulosin and placebo groups (Aim 3).

Enrolled subjects will be randomized using a blocked, stratified randomization process to either tamsulosin or placebo. Stratification variables include gender, pelvic vs non-pelvic surgery, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) survey results (which is a measure of baseline lower urinary tract symptoms). After a 7-day treatment period, subjects will undergo surgery as scheduled, and then the assigned treatment will be continued for up to a total of 14 days until the subject either has return of normal voiding function, has required replacement of an indwelling urinary catheter, or is discharged from the hospital.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 158
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Wisconsin
    • Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53792
      • University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• English-speaking
• Able to provide informed consent
• Scheduled to undergo an elective, complex intra-abdominal operation with a planned postoperative inpatient stay of at least 1 night

Exclusion Criteria:

• Less than age 18
• Allergy or contraindication to tamsulosin
• Serious sulfa allergy
• Current use of alpha blocker (alfuzosin, doxazosin, prazosin, silodosin, terazosin, verapamil, tamsulosin) or oral alpha agonist (midodrine), or initiation of one of these medications during the intervention phase of the study will result in subject withdrawal from the study
• Current warfarin use
• Pre-existing indwelling urinary catheter, suprapubic catheter, or urostomy
• End stage renal disease or dialysis-dependence
• Sitting systolic blood pressure in the upper extremity of less than 100mm Hg at time of eligibility screening
• Presence of orthostatic hypotension at the time of eligibility screening (orthostatic hypotension is defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure of 20mm Hg from sitting to standing, or drop in diastolic BP of 10 mm Hg from sitting to standing after 2-3 minutes of standing after being in a sitting position)
• Anticipated inability to take oral medications on post-operative day #0
• Anticipated requirement for indwelling urinary catheter beyond post-operative day #2
• Non-English speaking
• Pregnant or breast-feeding
• Unwillingness to answer all 7 questions on the IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score) survey
• Lacking capacity to provide informed consent

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Placebo	Drug: Placebo; Placebo capsule orally once daily, dosed 30 minutes after dinner or before bed, starting 7 days before surgery and continuing for 0-5 days postoperatively. Outline of schedule: Day 1-7: placebo in the evening; Day 8: surgery; placebo in the evening if the subject has not yet completed the bladder management protocol; Day 9-14: placebo in the evening until the subject either 1) completes the bladder management protocol (defined by two consecutive voids with post-void residual <200mL), or 2) has an indwelling urinary catheter replaced, or 3) is discharged from the hospital, whichever occurs first. The minimum number of total doses is 7; the maximum number of total doses is 14. The 14th dose will be the final dose regardless of bladder function.
Experimental: Tamsulosin	Drug: Tamsulosin; Tamsulosin 0.4mg capsule orally once daily, dosed 30 minutes after dinner or before bed, starting 7 days before surgery and continuing for 0-5 days postoperatively. Outline of schedule: Day 1-7: tamsulosin 0.4mg in the evening; Day 8: surgery; tamsulosin 0.4mg in the evening if the subject has not yet completed the bladder management protocol; Day 9-14: tamsulosin 0.4mg in the evening until the subject either 1) completes the bladder management protocol (defined by two consecutive voids with post-void residual <200mL), or 2) has an indwelling urinary catheter replaced, or 3) is discharged from the hospital, whichever occurs first. The minimum number of total doses is 7; the maximum number of total doses is 14. The 14th dose will be the final dose regardless of bladder function.; Other Names: Flomax

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Need for Any Intermittent Catheterization Postoperatively as a Binary Outcome	need for any intermittent catheterization after leaving the operating room or after initial indwelling urinary catheter (IUC) removal; subjects will be straight catheterized if the subject either 1) reports bladder discomfort, or 2) has a bladder scan for >500milliliters; or 3) has a post-void residual volume >500milliliters	within 0-7 days after surgery

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Need for Replacement of Indwelling Urinary Catheter as a Binary Outcome	Need for replacement of an IUC after surgery or after initial removal of an IUC that was placed at the time of surgery; replacement of IUC is dictated by the institutional bladder management protocol after requiring the use of straight catheterization for 24 hours	within 0-7 days after surgery
Time Until First Spontaneous Void	time from IUC removal, last intermittent catheterization (if performed in the operating room or post-anesthesia care unit), or departure from the operating room (if no IUC placed intraoperatively) until first spontaneous void	within 0-7 days after surgery
Total Number of Intermittent Catheterizations Required Per Subject	total number of intermittent catheterizations required, as dictated by the institutional bladder management protocol	within 0-7 days after surgery
First Post-void Residual Urine Volume	The post-void residual (PVR) urine volume as measured by bedside hand-held bladder scanning immediately following the first spontaneous void	within 0-7 days after surgery
Discharge From Hospital With Indwelling Urinary Catheter	Does the subject have a urinary catheter in place at the time of discharge from the hospital? This is a binary outcome measure of whether or not the subject is discharged from the hospital with an indwelling urinary catheter in place due to inadequate voiding function.	up to 30 days after surgery
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)	Either a culture-positive UTI prior to discharge from the hospital or subject self-reported clinician-diagnosed UTI occurring within 30 days of surgery	up to 30 days after surgery
Hospital Length of Stay in Days	Collected after the participant is discharged from the hospital, total number of consecutive days (including day of surgery) until the participant is discharged from the hospital	up to 30 days after surgery
Number of Participants Who Experienced Adverse Events	Adverse events, systematically collected. Summary results reported here, please refer to Adverse Events section of the results record for detailed reporting.	treatment day 1 (7 days before surgery) until 30 days after surgery

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Wisconsin, Madison
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Evie H Carchman, MD, University of Wisconsin - Madison School of Medicine and Public Health

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Pummangura N, Kochakarn W. Efficacy of tamsulosin in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women. Asian J Surg. 2007 Apr;30(2):131-7. doi: 10.1016/S1015-9584(09)60146-9.
• Madani AH, Aval HB, Mokhtari G, Nasseh H, Esmaeili S, Shakiba M, Shakiba RS, Seyed Damavand SM. Effectiveness of tamsulosin in prevention of post-operative urinary retention: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Int Braz J Urol. 2014 Jan-Feb;40(1):30-6. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2014.01.05.
• Lepor H. Phase III multicenter placebo-controlled study of tamsulosin in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Tamsulosin Investigator Group. Urology. 1998 Jun;51(6):892-900. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(98)00126-5.
• Buckley BS, Lapitan MC. Drugs for treatment of urinary retention after surgery in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Oct 6;(10):CD008023. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008023.pub2.
• Choi S, Awad I. Maintaining micturition in the perioperative period: strategies to avoid urinary retention. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2013 Jun;26(3):361-7. doi: 10.1097/ACO.0b013e32835fc8ba.
• Lo E, Nicolle LE, Coffin SE, Gould C, Maragakis LL, Meddings J, Pegues DA, Pettis AM, Saint S, Yokoe DS. Strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2014 May;35(5):464-79. doi: 10.1086/675718. No abstract available.
• Hollingsworth JM, Rogers MA, Krein SL, Hickner A, Kuhn L, Cheng A, Chang R, Saint S. Determining the noninfectious complications of indwelling urethral catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Sep 17;159(6):401-10. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-6-201309170-00006.
• O'Leary MP. Tamsulosin: current clinical experience. Urology. 2001 Dec;58(6 Suppl 1):42-8; discussion 48. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(01)01346-2.
• Narayan P, Tewari A. A second phase III multicenter placebo controlled study of 2 dosages of modified release tamsulosin in patients with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. United States 93-01 Study Group. J Urol. 1998 Nov;160(5):1701-6.
• Yaycioglu O, Altan-Yaycioglu R. Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome: facts for the urologist. Urology. 2010 Aug;76(2):272-6. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.01.025. Epub 2010 Mar 28.
• Chang DF, Osher RH, Wang L, Koch DD. Prospective multicenter evaluation of cataract surgery in patients taking tamsulosin (Flomax). Ophthalmology. 2007 May;114(5):957-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.01.011.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): May 2, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 25, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 26, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): July 1, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 25, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 20, 2019
• Last Verified: September 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: urinary tract infections; urinary retention; tamsulosin; postoperative complications; urinary catheters; double-blind method; randomized controlled trials as topic; random allocation; placebos; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; catheter-related infections
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Urologic Diseases; Urination Disorders; Infections; Urinary Tract Infections; Urinary Retention; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Adrenergic Antagonists; Adrenergic Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Urological Agents; Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Tamsulosin
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2014-1494

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No