Yoga, Survivorship Health Education, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Reducing Insomnia in Cancer Survivors (YOCAS-II)

February 27, 2021 updated by: Karen Mustian, University of Rochester NCORP Research Base

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of Yoga, Survivorship Health Education, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treating Insomnia in Cancer Survivors

This randomized phase III trial compares yoga, survivorship health education program, and cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing sleep disturbance (insomnia) in cancer survivors. Insomnia can be described as excessive daytime napping, difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, or waking up earlier than desired. Insomnia can increase fatigue, impair physical function, impair immune function, cause circadian rhythms (known as the biological clock) to be disrupted and decrease quality of life. Yoga may improve circadian rhythms, physical and immune function, and improve insomnia and sleep quality in cancer survivors. It is not yet known whether yoga is more effective at treating insomnia than a health education program or cognitive behavioral therapy program.

Study Overview

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine if Yoga for Cancer Survivors (YOCAS) is effective for improving patient-reported insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) compared to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) and a health education control immediately post intervention.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To examine if YOCAS is effective for improving objective symptoms of insomnia (sleep latency, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, sleep duration, and daytime napping via actigraphy) and global sleep quality impairment (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) compared to CBT-I and a health education control.

II. To examine if YOCAS and CBT-I are effective for maintaining improvements in insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) 3 and 6 months post intervention compared to a health education control.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 3 arms.

ARM I: Patients undergo the YOCAS intervention comprising 18 specific physical postures and mindfulness exercises focused on breathing and meditation and meet with the yoga instructor over 75 minutes 2 times a week for 4 weeks.

ARM II: Patients undergo CBT-I intervention comprising sleep education, sleep hygiene, sleep restriction, stimulus control, cognitive therapy, and relapse prevention delivered by a health professional over 90 minutes once a week for 8 weeks.

ARM III: Patients attend survivorship health education sessions over 75 minutes 2 times a week for 4 weeks based on the American Society of Clinical Oncology cancer survivorship educational recommendations delivered by a community health educator. Patients also receive a booklet entitled, "Cancer Survivorship Next Steps for Patients and Their Families."

After completion of intervention, patients are followed up at 3 and 6 months.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

746

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

    • Hawaii
      • Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, 96813
        • Hawaii MU NCORP
    • Illinois
      • Decatur, Illinois, United States, 62526
        • Heartland NCORP
    • Kansas
      • Wichita, Kansas, United States, 67214
        • Wichita NCORP
    • Louisiana
      • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112
        • Gulf South MU-NCORP
    • Michigan
      • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48106
        • Michigan Cancer Research Consortium NCORP
      • Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States, 49503
        • Cancer Research Consortium of West Michigan
    • Minnesota
      • Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55426
        • Metro-Minnesota NCORP
    • Nevada
      • Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89106
        • Nevada Cancer Research Foundation NCORP
    • New York
      • Rochester, New York, United States, 14642
        • University of Rochester NCORP Research Base
    • North Carolina
      • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27104
        • Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium
    • Ohio
      • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43215
        • Columbus NCORP
      • Dayton, Ohio, United States, 45420
        • Dayton Clinical Oncology Program
    • Oregon
      • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97213
        • Pacific Cancer Research Consortium NCORP
    • South Carolina
      • Greenville, South Carolina, United States, 29605
        • Greenville Health System NCORP
    • Wisconsin
      • Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States, 54449
        • Wisconsin NCORP
      • Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, 53226
        • Aurora NCORP

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Have a confirmed diagnosis of cancer
  • Have received surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy
  • Have completed all surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy within the last 2-60 months
  • Meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-V criteria for insomnia and score >= 10 on the Insomnia Severity Index
  • Be able to read and understand English
  • Be able to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Have contraindications to functional testing or yoga participation according to the treating physician
  • Have practiced yoga >= 1 day a week within the 3 months prior to enrolling in the study
  • Be planning to start yoga on their own during the time they are enrolled in the study
  • Have a confirmed diagnosis of sleep apnea or restless leg syndrome
  • Be receiving any form of treatment for cancer with the exception of hormonal or biologic therapy
  • Have distant metastases

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arm I (behavioral intervention-yoga)
Patients undergo the YOCAS intervention comprising 18 specific physical postures and mindfulness exercises focused on breathing and meditation and meet with the yoga instructor over 75 minutes 2 times a week for 4 weeks.
Correlative studies
Ancillary studies
Other Names:
  • Quality of Life Assessment
Undergo yoga intervention
Other Names:
  • Behavior Conditioning Therapy
  • Behavior Modification
  • Behavior or Life Style Modifications
  • Behavior Therapy
  • Behavioral Interventions
  • Behavioral Modification
  • Behavioral Treatment
  • Behavioral Treatments
  • BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
Correlative studies
Other Names:
  • Monitor
Experimental: Arm II (cognitive intervention-CBT-I)
Patients undergo CBT-I intervention comprising sleep education, sleep hygiene, sleep restriction, stimulus control, cognitive therapy, and relapse prevention delivered by a health professional over 90 minutes once a week for 8 weeks.
Correlative studies
Ancillary studies
Other Names:
  • Quality of Life Assessment
Correlative studies
Other Names:
  • Monitor
Undergo CBT-I intervention
Active Comparator: Arm III (educational intervention)
Patients attend survivorship health education sessions over 75 minutes 2 times a week for 4 weeks based on the American Society of Clinical Oncology cancer survivorship educational recommendations delivered by a community health educator. Patients also receive a booklet entitled, "Cancer Survivorship Next Steps for Patients and Their Families."
Correlative studies
Ancillary studies
Other Names:
  • Quality of Life Assessment
Receive health education
Other Names:
  • Education for Intervention
  • Intervention by Education
  • Intervention through Education
  • Intervention, Educational
Correlative studies
Other Names:
  • Monitor

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Mean Change in the ISI Comparing YOCAS vs. CBT-I
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
The Insomnia Severity Index is a validated measure of insomnia. A 5-point Likert scale of 7 questions is used to rate each item (e.g., 0 = no problem; 4 = very severe problem), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 28 with higher scores indicating higher severity of insomnia. Means and 95% confidence intervals for YOCAS and CBT-I will be calculated and plotted and examined in comparison with the a priori specified non-inferiority margin of 1.15.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Mean Change in the ISI Comparing YOCAS vs. Health Education
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
The Insomnia Severity Index is a validated measure of insomnia. A 5-point Likert scale of 7 questions is used to rate each item (e.g., 0 = no problem; 4 = very severe problem), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 28 with higher scores indicating higher severity of insomnia. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and health education.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Mean Change in Global Sleep Quality Impairment as Measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) Total Score Comparing YOCAS vs. Health Education
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
The PSQI measures sleep quality with a total score ranging from 0-21 with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and health education.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Mean Change in Global Sleep Quality Impairment as Measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) Total Score Comparing YOCAS vs. CBT-I.
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
The PSQI measures sleep quality with a total score ranging from 0-21 with higher scores indicating worse sleep quality. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and CBT-I.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Mean Change in Objective Symptoms of Insomnia- Sleep Duration Via Actigraphy Comparing YOCAS vs. Health Education
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Actigraphy will measure the number of minutes of actual sleep. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and health education.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Mean Change in Objective Symptoms of Insomnia- Sleep Duration Via Actigraphy Comparing YOCAS vs. CBT-I
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Actigraphy will measure the number of minutes of actual sleep. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and CBT-I.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Mean Change in Objective Symptoms of Insomnia- Wake After Sleep Onset Via Actigraphy Comparing YOCAS vs. Health Education
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Actigraphy will measure total minutes of wake time after sleep onset. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and health education. The transformation of the log base 10 of the original measurement was used for the analysis.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Mean Change in Objective Symptoms of Insomnia- Wake After Sleep Onset Via Actigraphy Comparing YOCAS vs. CBT-I
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Actigraphy will measure total minutes of wake time after sleep onset. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and CBT-I. The transformation of log base 10 of the original measurement was used for the analysis.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Mean Change in Objective Symptoms of Insomnia- Sleep Efficiency Via Actigraphy Comparing YOCAS vs. Health Education
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Actigraphy will measure the percent of time actually slept compared to intended time sleeping. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and health education.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Mean Change in Objective Symptoms of Insomnia- Sleep Efficiency Via Actigraphy Comparing YOCAS vs. CBT-I
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Actigraphy will measure the percent of time actually slept compared to intended time sleeping. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and CBT-I.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Mean Change in Objective Symptoms of Insomnia- Sleep Latency Via Actigraphy Comparing YOCAS vs. Health Education
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Actigraphy will measure the minutes it takes for the participant to fall asleep. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and health education. The transformation of log base 10 of the (measurement + 1) was used in the analysis.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Mean Change in Objective Symptoms of Insomnia- Sleep Latency Via Actigraphy Comparing YOCAS vs. CBT-I
Time Frame: Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Actigraphy will measure the minutes it takes for the participant to fall asleep. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and CBT-I. The transformation of the log base 10 of the (measure + 1) was used in the analysis.
Baseline up to post intervention (approximately 4 to 8 weeks)
Mean Change in the ISI Comparing YOCAS and Health Education (3 Month)
Time Frame: Baseline to 3 months
The Insomnia Severity Index is a validated measure of insomnia. A 5-point Likert scale of 7 questions is used to rate each item (e.g., 0 = no problem; 4 = very severe problem), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 28 with higher scores indicating higher severity of insomnia. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and health education.
Baseline to 3 months
Mean Change in the ISI Comparing YOCAS and CBT-I (3 Month)
Time Frame: Baseline to 3 months
The Insomnia Severity Index is a validated measure of insomnia. A 5-point Likert scale of 7 questions is used to rate each item (e.g., 0 = no problem; 4 = very severe problem), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 28 with higher scores indicating higher severity of insomnia. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and CBT-I.
Baseline to 3 months
Mean Change in the ISI Comparing YOCAS and Health Education (6 Month)
Time Frame: Baseline to 6 months
The Insomnia Severity Index is a validated measure of insomnia. A 5-point Likert scale of 7 questions is used to rate each item (e.g., 0 = no problem; 4 = very severe problem), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 28 with higher scores indicating higher severity of insomnia. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and health education.
Baseline to 6 months
Mean Change in the ISI Comparing YOCAS and CBT-I (6 Month)
Time Frame: Baseline to 6 months
The Insomnia Severity Index is a validated measure of insomnia. A 5-point Likert scale of 7 questions is used to rate each item (e.g., 0 = no problem; 4 = very severe problem), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 28 with higher scores indicating higher severity of insomnia. A linear mixed effects ANCOVA will be used to assess the statistical significance of the differences in mean change between YOCAS and CBT-I.
Baseline to 6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Karen Mustian, University of Rochester NCORP Research Base

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

May 6, 2016

Primary Completion (Actual)

February 4, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

February 4, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 20, 2015

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 23, 2015

First Posted (Estimate)

November 24, 2015

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 23, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 27, 2021

Last Verified

February 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • URCC14040 (Other Identifier: University of Rochester NCORP Research Base)
  • UG1CA189961 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)
  • NCI-2015-01144 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program))
  • RSRB052271 (Other Identifier: University of Rochester)
  • URCC-14040 (Other Identifier: CTEP)
  • R01CA181064 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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