Effect of Palm Olein Intake on Lipid Profile and Appetite Regulation (APO)

The Chemical Structure of a Lipid Determines Its Effect on Blood Lipid Profile and Appetite Regulation

Aims: To investigate whether acute ingestions of palm oil will have an effect on appetite regulation

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Lipidaemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Palm olein; Dietary supplement: Interesterified palm olein; Dietary supplement: Soybean oil

Detailed Description

Design: A randomized, single blind, cross over design including 4 single study visits separated by a week. Visit 1 is an acclimatization visit followed by visit 2,3, and 4 where different types of fat will be given.

Population: 12 healthy males and females aged between 18 and 60 years with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5- 29.9kg/m2 and normal fasting plasma glucose and no evidence of insulin resistance will be recruited. No-pre existing morbidity including cardiac, hepatic or renal disease, history of diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidaemia.

Treatment: Acclimatization visit: At visit 1, all participants will be given a milkshake like drink containing fat, protein and carbohydrate. A cannula will be inserted for the duration of the study day but no blood will be taken. Studies show than during the first visit stress response can affect the metabolic response to the study drink resulting in inaccurate results.

Study visit 2,3,4: following the acclimatization visit, participants will attend 3 more study visits separated by a week to test the metabolic response to the following fats: palm olein, interesterified palm olein and soybean oil in random order. Participants will be asked to complete a visual analogue scale questionnaire about their appetite at each time point. Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, appetite hormones and lipids will be measured.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 12
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • London, United Kingdom, W12 0HS
    • NIHR/Wellcome Trust Imperial Clinical Research Facility

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy and overweight male and female volunteers of all ethnicities (body mass index (BMI) of 18.5-29.9 kg/m2)
• Age between 18-60 years (inclusive)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Abnormal liver function test (elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase)/ abnormal kidney function test (elevated plasma creatinine)
• History of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, stomach ulcers, drug abuse or alcoholism, gastrointestinal disorders like Crohn's disease
• Smokers
• On lipid/blood pressure- lowering medication/supplements
• Blood pressure>140/90 mm Hg
• Fasting total cholesterol > 6.2 mmol/L
• Fasting triacylglyceride > 2.0 mmol/L
• Subject must not be allergic to intervention
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding (pregnancy test will be undertaken at the screening visit)
• Subjects taking nutritional supplements or on any weight-loss programs
• Subjects who gained or lost ≥ 3kg weight in the past three months
• Subjects with history of hypo- and hyperthyroidism
• Subjects who are anaemic and those who donated blood within three months of the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: Arm 1; Palm Olein	Dietary supplement: Palm olein; 60g of palm olein will be given in a milkshake at breakfast; Dietary supplement: Interesterified palm olein; 60g of interesterified palm olein will be given in a milkshake at breakfast; Dietary supplement: Soybean oil; 60g of soybean oil will be given in a milkshake at breakfast
Other: Arm 2; Soybean Oil	Dietary supplement: Palm olein; 60g of palm olein will be given in a milkshake at breakfast; Dietary supplement: Interesterified palm olein; 60g of interesterified palm olein will be given in a milkshake at breakfast; Dietary supplement: Soybean oil; 60g of soybean oil will be given in a milkshake at breakfast
Other: Arm 3; Interesterified Palm Olein	Dietary supplement: Palm olein; 60g of palm olein will be given in a milkshake at breakfast; Dietary supplement: Interesterified palm olein; 60g of interesterified palm olein will be given in a milkshake at breakfast; Dietary supplement: Soybean oil; 60g of soybean oil will be given in a milkshake at breakfast

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline in Appetite Hormones PYY	blood samples will be collected at specific time points presented as minutes from consumption of mixed meal. time (minutes)=-15, -5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480.	480 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline in Glucose,	blood samples will be collected at specific time points presented as minutes from consumption of mixed meal. time (minutes)=-15, -5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480	480 min
Change From Baseline in Appetite Hormones GLP_1	Change From Baseline in Appetite Hormones Hide Description: blood samples will be collected at specific time points presented as minutes from consumption of mixed meal. time (minutes)=-15, -5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480.	ime (minutes)=-15, -5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480. Time Frame: 480 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Imperial College London
• Collaborators: Malaysia Palm Oil Board
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Gary Frost, Imperial College London

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Clinical Research Facility official web page

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 28, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 3, 2016
• First Posted (Estimated): October 5, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 22, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 4, 2025
• Last Verified: June 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: palm oil; apetite regulation
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Metabolic Diseases; Dyslipidemias; Lipid Metabolism Disorders; Hyperlipidemias
• Other Study ID Numbers: 16/WA/0117

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No