Testing an Active Form of Tamoxifen (4-hydroxytamoxifen) Delivered Through the Breast Skin to Control Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) of the Breast

Phase IIB Pre-Surgical Trial of Oral Tamoxifen Versus Transdermal 4-hydroxytamoxifen in Women With DCIS of the Breast

This randomized phase IIB trial studies how well tamoxifen or afimoxifene works in treating patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Estrogen can cause the growth of breast cancer cells. Hormone therapy using tamoxifen citrate or afimoxifene may fight breast cancer by blocking the use of estrogen by the tumor cells.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Estrogen Receptor Positive; Ductal Breast Carcinoma In Situ
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Other: Placebo; Drug: Tamoxifen Citrate; Drug: Afimoxifene; Other: Placebo

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To demonstrate that 2 mg once daily per breast of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) topical gel results in a reduction in the Ki-67 labeling index of ductal breast carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions that is not inferior to that seen with 20 mg daily oral tamoxifen citrate (TAM) for 4-10 weeks, when comparing the base-line diagnostic core biopsy to the therapeutic surgical excision sample.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To compare post-therapy changes in the oncotype DCIS-score between arms (this is a validated reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] assay for Ki67, STK15, survivin, cyclin B1, MYBL2, PR, GSTM1).

II. To compare between-group post-therapy changes in immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers: CD-68 macrophage marker as a surrogate for response to therapy, p16 and COX-2.

III. To compare post-therapy changes in breast density, quantitative estimate, between arms.

IV. To compare post-therapy breast tissue and plasma levels of TAM and its metabolites (N-desmethyl tamoxifen [NDT], [E] and [Z] isomers of 4-hydroxytamoxifen [4-OHT], N-desmethyl-4-hydroxytamoxifen [endoxifen]).

V. To compare post-therapy breast tissue and plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone between arms (optional).

VI. To compare the post-therapy fraction of participants demonstrating "no residual DCIS".

VII. To compare post-therapy changes in plasma proteins involved in coagulation: factors VIII and IX, von Willebrand factor, total protein S between arms.

VIII. To compare post-therapy changes in plasma markers of systemic estrogenic effect (IGF-1, SHBG).

IX. To compare post-therapy changes in symptoms as captured in the breast cancer prevention trial (BCPT) Eight Symptom Scale (BESS) questionnaire and skin reactions to 4-OHT gel.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized into 1 of 2 arms.

ARM I: Patients apply afimoxifene gel to both breasts and receive placebo orally (PO) daily for 4-10 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unexpected toxicity.

ARM II: Patients apply placebo gel to both breasts and receive tamoxifen citrate orally PO daily for 4-10 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unexpected toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 1-2 weeks and 1 month after surgery.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 100
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Principle Investigator; Phone Number: 312-503-4236; Email: skhan@nm.org

Study Locations

• United States
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
      • Recruiting
      • Northwestern University
      • Contact: Seema A. Khan, MD; Phone Number: 312-503-4236; Email: skhan@nm.org
      • Principal Investigator: Seema A. Khan, MD
  • Kentucky
    • Edgewood, Kentucky, United States, 41017
      • Recruiting
      • Saint Elizabeth Medical Center South
      • Contact: Joseph M. Guenther, MD; Phone Number: 859-344-1600; Email: Joseph.Guenther@stelizabeth.com
      • Principal Investigator: Joseph M. Guenther, MD
  • Minnesota
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Recruiting
      • Mayo Clinic
      • Contact: Amy C. Degnim, MD; Phone Number: 507-284-4499; Email: degnim.amy@mayo.edu
      • Principal Investigator: Amy C. Degnim, MD
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10065
      • Recruiting
      • Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
      • Contact: Melissa L. Pilewskie, MD; Phone Number: 646-888-4590; Email: pilewskm@mskcc.org
      • Principal Investigator: Melissa L. Pilewskie, MD
  • North Carolina
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
      • Recruiting
      • Duke University Medical Center
      • Contact: Eun-Sil (Shelley) Hwang, MD; Phone Number: 919-684-6849; Email: shelly.hwang@duke.edu
      • Principal Investigator: Eun-Sil (Shelley) Hwang, MD
  • Ohio
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106
      • Recruiting
      • Cleveland Clinic
      • Contact: Stephen R. Grobmyer, MD; Phone Number: 216-636-2843; Email: TaussigResearch@ccf.org
      • Principal Investigator: Stephen R. Grobmyer, MD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Screen-detected, estrogen receptor (ER) positive DCIS of the breast proven on core needle biopsy, defined as 10% positive cells; the presence of a focus suspicious for microinvasion will be allowed; the size of the DCIS in the core biopsy sample must total 5 mm (multiple cores can be summed) and must be estimated on the deepest step section (if step sections are taken)
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 1 (Karnofsky >= 70%)
• Participants must have acceptable organ and marrow function as defined below:

Baseline lab parameters are not standard of care for initiation of tamoxifen therapy; a minimal panel will therefore be appropriate.

• Leukocytes >= 3,000/microliter
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,500/microliter
• Platelets >= 100,000/microliter
• Total bilirubin within "≤1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)institutional limits
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Creatinine within "≤1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) institutional limits
• Women of childbearing potential and their male partners must agree to use TWO effective forms of birth control (abstinence is not an allowed method) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation, and for two months following the last dose of study medications; effective birth control methods are: copper IUD [intrauterine device], diaphragm/cervical cap/shield, spermicide, contraceptive sponge, condoms; women of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test within seven days before starting study medications; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her study physician immediately
• Willingness to avoid exposing breast skin to natural or artificial sunlight (i.e. tanning beds) for the duration of the study
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

• DCIS presentation as a palpable mass
• Exogenous sex steroid use within 4 weeks prior to core needle biopsy
• Prior ipsilateral breast cancer radiotherapy will be excluded; prior contralateral breast cancer therapy within 2 years will also be excluded
• Skin lesions on the breast that disrupt the stratum corneum (eg eczema, ulceration)
• History of endometrial neoplasia
• History of thromboembolic disease (history of varicose veins and superficial phlebitis is allowed)
• Current smokers
• Current users of potent inhibitors of tamoxifen metabolism must be able to discontinue their use and switch to an alternative medication for the duration of participation, under the advice of their physician; if the physician feels that an alternative medication is not appropriate for the subject and the current medication is medically necessary, the subject will not be eligible; the drugs are listed below; many of these are not in clinical use at the moment; bupropion, celecoxib, chlorpheniramine, chlorpromazine, cimetidine, citalopram, clemastine, clomipramine, clozapine, cocaine, delavirdine, desipramine, diphenhydramine, doxepin, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, haloperidol, halofantrine, hydroxyzine, imipramine, isoniazid, ketoconazole, methadone, methimazole, mibefradil, miconazole, nicardipine, paroxetine, pergolide, perphenazine, pioglitazone, pyrimethamine, quinidine, quinine, ranitidine, ritonavir, ropinirole, sertraline, terbinafine, thioridazine, ticlopidine, tranylcypromine, trazodone, tripelennamine
• Prior use of SERMS or AIs including tamoxifen, raloxifene, anastrozole, letrozole, or exemestane for prevention or therapy within 5 years
• Participants may not be receiving any other investigational agents within 30 days of enrollment or during this study
• History of allergic reactions attributed to tamoxifen or compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study; breastfeeding should be discontinued by nursing mothers who agree to participate in the study
• Men are excluded from this study since DCIS of the breast is exceedingly rare in men, and there are no data regarding skin penetration of 4-OHT though male chest wall skin (which is thicker and hairier than female chest wall skin)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arm I (afimoxifene, placebo); Patients apply afimoxifene gel to both breasts and receive placebo PO daily for 4-10 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unexpected toxicity.	Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Other: Placebo; Given PO; Other Names: placebo therapy; PLCB; sham therapy; Drug: Afimoxifene; Applied to the breast; Other Names: 4-OHT; 4-Hydroxy-Tamoxifen; 4-Hydroxytamoxifen; Other: Placebo; Applied to the breast; Other Names: placebo therapy; PLCB; sham therapy
Active Comparator: Arm II (placebo, tamoxifen citrate); Patients apply placebo gel to both breasts and receive tamoxifen citrate orally PO daily for 4-10 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unexpected toxicity.	Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis; Correlative studies; Other: Placebo; Given PO; Other Names: placebo therapy; PLCB; sham therapy; Drug: Tamoxifen Citrate; Given PO; Other Names: Nolvadex; TAM; Soltamox; Apo-Tamox; Clonoxifen; Dignotamoxi; Ebefen; Emblon; Estroxyn; Fentamox; Gen-Tamoxifen; Genox; ICI 46,474; ICI-46474; Jenoxifen; Kessar; Ledertam; Lesporene; Nolgen; Noltam; Nolvadex-D; Nourytam; Novo-Tamoxifen; Novofen; Noxitem; Oestrifen; Oncotam; PMS-Tamoxifen; Tamax; Tamaxin; Tamifen; Tamizam; Tamofen; Tamoxasta; Tamoxifeni Citras; Zemide; Other: Placebo; Applied to the breast; Other Names: placebo therapy; PLCB; sham therapy

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Ki67 labeling assessed by standard immunohistochemistry	Up to 1 month after surgery

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
CD68, p16, and COX2 assessed by IHC	Analysis will be pilot in nature and will provide descriptive statistics for each group or subgroup of subjects, supplying results which may be used to plan future studies.	Up to 1 month after surgery
Estradiol and progesterone levels in breast tissue and plasma assessed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry	Analysis will be pilot in nature and will provide descriptive statistics for each group or subgroup of subjects, supplying results which may be used to plan future studies.	Up to 1 month after surgery
Fraction of subjects with "no residual DCIS" in surgical sample assessed by core needle biopsy	Analysis will be pilot in nature and will provide descriptive statistics for each group or subgroup of subjects, supplying results which may be used to plan future studies.	Up to 1 month after surgery
Oncotype DCIS-score assessed by RT-PCR	Analysis will be pilot in nature and will provide descriptive statistics for each group or subgroup of subjects, supplying results which may be used to plan future studies.	Up to 1 month after surgery
Pathologic complete response defined as absence of residual DCIS or residual DCIS responded completely to therapy		Up to 1 month after surgery
Plasma markers of systemic estrogenic effect (IGF-1, SHBG)	Analysis will be pilot in nature and will provide descriptive statistics for each group or subgroup of subjects, supplying results which may be used to plan future studies.	Up to 1 month after surgery
Plasma proteins involved in coagulation (factors VIII and IX, von Willebrand factor, and total protein S)	Analysis will be pilot in nature and will provide descriptive statistics for each group or subgroup of subjects, supplying results which may be used to plan future studies.	Up to 1 month after surgery
Symptoms assessed by BESS questionnaire	Will evaluate hot flashes, vaginal discharge/dryness, skin reactions to afimoxifene gel. Analysis will be pilot in nature and will provide descriptive statistics for each group or subgroup of subjects, supplying results which may be used to plan future studies.	Up to 1 month after surgery
TAM and its metabolites levels in breast tissue and plasma	Analysis will be pilot in nature and will provide descriptive statistics for each group or subgroup of subjects, supplying results which may be used to plan future studies.	Up to 1 month after surgery

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Northwestern University
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI); BHR Pharma, LLC

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 31, 2017
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): July 15, 2022
• Study Completion (Anticipated): July 15, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 14, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 14, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): December 15, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 21, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 17, 2020
• Last Verified: December 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Adenocarcinoma; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Breast Diseases; Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carcinoma in Situ; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma; Breast Carcinoma In Situ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Antineoplastic Agents; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Hormone Antagonists; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Estrogen Antagonists; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Tamoxifen; Afimoxifene
• Other Study ID Numbers: NCI 2015-06-04 (Other Identifier: Northwestern University); P30CA060553 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); N01-CN-2012-00035; N01CN00035 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); NCI-2016-01911 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program)); NWU2015-06-04 (Other Identifier: DCP)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No