Dietary Carbohydrate Consumption at Breakfast on Food Intake, Glycemic Response, and Subjective Appetite

The Effect of Carbohydrate-Containing Foods at Breakfast on Food Intake, Glycemic Response, and Subjective Appetite in Normal Weight and Overweight/Obese Children

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of carbohydrates of familiar breakfast meals on glycemic response, subjective appetite, and food intake in normal weight (NW) and overweight or obese (OW/OB) children.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Childhood Obesity; Breakfast
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Mashed potatoes; Other: French fries; Other: Beans; Other: Traditional breakfast; Other: Breakfast skipping

Detailed Description

Regular breakfast eating NW and OW/OB children, 9-14 years of age, will participate in the experiment. Four isocaloric (450 kcal) breakfasts (eggs with a side of French fries, mashed potatoes, or beans, and control breakfast of milk, cereal and toast) and breakfast skipping will be examined. On five separate mornings, 7 days apart and after a 12 hour overnight fast, each participant will receive one of the four breakfasts or skip breakfast, in a randomized counterbalanced order. Participants will be given an ad libitum lunch 3 hours after breakfast and parents will report the rest of day food record for food intake analysis. Blood glucose will be measured via finger-prick at baseline, and 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after breakfast consumption. Subjective appetite will be measured with a visual analogue scale at baseline and every 15 minutes for 1 hour, and every hour for 3 hours.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 22
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
      • School of Nutrition, Ryerson University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 9 years to 14 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• be between 9 and 14 years of age
• be healthy, and have been born at term
• not be taking any medications
• not have allergies or sensitivities to potatoes, eggs, gluten, dairy, or beans
• NW (between the 5th and 85th BMI percentile for age and gender)
• OW/OB (>85th BMI percentile for age and gender)

Exclusion Criteria:

• food sensitivities, allergies, or dietary restrictions
• health, learning, emotional, or behavioural problems
• receiving any medications

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

5

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Mashed potatoes; Eggs with a side of mashed potatoes	Other: Mashed potatoes; Isocaloric (450 kcal) breakfast treatments of eggs with a side of mashed potatoes
Experimental: French fries; Eggs with a side of French fries	Other: French fries; Isocaloric (450 kcal) breakfast treatments of eggs with a side of French fries
Experimental: Beans; Eggs with a side of beans	Other: Beans; Isocaloric (450 kcal) breakfast treatments of eggs with a side of beans
Experimental: Traditional breakfast; Cereal, milk, toast and jam	Other: Traditional breakfast; Isocaloric (450 kcal) control breakfast treatments of cereal, milk, toast and jam
Experimental: Breakfast skipping; No breakfast	Other: Breakfast skipping; No breakfast

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Short-term food intake (kcal)	Participants will consume an ad libitum lunch 3 hours post breakfast consumption.	3 hours after breakfast

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Subjective appetite	Participants will complete subjective ratings on appetite and well-being	Baseline, at 15 or 60 minutes intervals for 3 hours
Blood glucose	Finger prick capillary blood glucose will be collected	Baseline, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after breakfast
Rest of day food record	Parents/guardians will record participants' food intake until the end of the day	8-12 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ryerson University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 1, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): September 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 3, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 3, 2017
• First Posted (Estimate): February 7, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 23, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 19, 2018
• Last Verified: July 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: obesity; children; appetite; blood glucose; breakfast; satiety; dietary carbohydrates; solanum tuberosum
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Overweight; Body Weight; Obesity; Pediatric Obesity
• Other Study ID Numbers: REB2016-227

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No