Evaluation of Bioavailability of Diclofenac Dermal Products

The study will utilize already FDA-approved marketed diclofenac products in healthy adults to generate data for establishing rate of drug delivery comparisons between diclofenac epolamine patches and diclofenac sodium solution in healthy adults and to determine skin concentrations.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Bioavailability
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Diclofenac Epolamine Patch; Drug: diclofenac sodium solution

Detailed Description

The study will utilize already FDA-approved marketed diclofenac products in healthy adults to generate data for establishing rate of drug delivery comparisons between diclofenac epolamine patches and diclofenac sodium solution in healthy adults and to determine skin concentrations. This study supports FDA's continuing effort to identify the most accurate, sensitive, reproducible and efficient methods to evaluate topical dermatological drug products.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 12
• Phase: Early Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21201
      • General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) at the University of Maryland Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 45 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Men or non-pregnant, women who are of any ethnic background between the age of 18 to 45 years old
2. Subjects must be non-smokers (must have refrained from the use of nicotine-containing substances, including tobacco products (e.g., cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, snuff, gum, patches or electronic cigarettes) over the previous 2 months and are not currently using tobacco products
3. Provide written informed consent before initiation of any of the study procedures
4. Agree not to participate in another clinical trial/study during the study period or to participate in an investigational drug study for at least 1 month after the last study session
5. Able to adhere to the study protocol and study restrictions
6. Able to participate in all study sessions
7. Has a volar forearm of either at least 24 cm (9.45 inches) in length or of sufficient size that can accommodate the products to be tested in a study area that begins at least 5 cm (1.97 inches) above the wrist and ends a minimum of 0.5 cm (0.197 inches) below the antecubital fossa (i.e., the bend in the arm at the elbow).
8. Subjects have upper arms large enough to allow for placement of two 140 cm2 [21.7 in2] patches (distance from acromion process of the scapula to olecranon process should be a minimum of 35 cm [13.8 inches]; circumference of upper arms should be a minimum of 28 cm [11.02 inches] and 200 cm2 [31 in2] area for application of solution
9. Subjects deemed to be healthy as judged by the Medically Accountable Investigator (MAI) and determined by medical history, physical examination and medication history
10. Negative urine drug screening test (cannabinoids, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepine, cocaine, methadone, opiates, PCP)
11. Have normal screening laboratories for white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hgb), platelets, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
12. Have normal screening laboratories for urine protein and urine glucose
13. Female subjects must be of non-childbearing potential (as defined as surgically sterile [i.e. history of hysterectomy or tubal ligation] or postmenopausal for more than 1 year), or if of childbearing potential must be non-pregnant at the time of enrollment and on the morning of each study session, and must agree to use hormonal or barrier birth control such as implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives, some intrauterine devices (IUDs), sexual abstinence, or a vasectomized partner
14. Agrees not to donate blood to a blood bank throughout participation in the study and for at least 3 months after last study session
15. Have a normal ECG; must not have the following to be acceptable: pathologic Q wave abnormalities, significant ST-T wave changes, left ventricular hypertrophy, right bundle branch block, left bundle branch block. (sinus rhythm is between 55-100 beats per minute)

16. Have normal vital signs:

    • Temperature 35-37.9°C (95-100.3°F)
    • Systolic blood pressure 90-165 mmHg
    • Diastolic blood pressure 60-100 mmHg
    • Heart rate 55-100 beats per minute
    • Respiration rate 12-20 breaths per minute

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Women who are pregnant, lactating, breast feeding or have a positive serum pregnancy test at enrollment or positive urine pregnancy test on the morning of the first day of each study session
2. Smokers (current use or use over the previous 2 months of nicotine-containing substances, including tobacco products (e.g., cigarettes, cigars, chewing tobacco, snuff, gum, patch or electronic cigarettes)
3. Participation in any ongoing investigational drug trial/study or clinical drug trial/study
4. History as either reported by the subject or evident to the Medically Accountable Investigator (MAI) of infectious disease or skin infection or of chronic skin disease (e.g., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis)
5. History of diabetes
6. History of significant skin cancers (e.g., melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma) except basal cell carcinomas that were superficial and did not involve the investigative sites
7. Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2
8. History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cor pulmonale, or substantially decreased respiratory reserve, hypoxia, hypercapnia or pre-existing respiratory depression
9. Active positive Hepatitis B, C and/or HIV serologies
10. Positive urine drug screening test
11. Use of chronic prescription medications during the period 0 to 30 days; or over-the-counter medication (e.g. antihistamines, topical corticosteroids) and short term (<30 days) prescription medications during the period 0-3 days before a study session (vitamins, herbal supplements and birth control medications not included)
12. Currently taking daily oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAIDs] (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, etc…)
13. Currently taking daily anticoagulants or within the past month prior to entry into the study (warfarin, heparin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, etc…), ACE-inhibitors, cyclosporine, diuretics, lithium or methotrexate
14. Donation or loss of greater than one pint of blood within 60 days of entry to the study
15. Any prior adverse reaction or hypersensitivity to diclofenac, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), other inactive ingredients in the patch or topical solution or to adhesives or tapes used to cover or tape strip the treatment sites
16. Received an experimental agent (vaccine, drug, biologic, device, blood product or medication) within 1 month before enrollment in this study or expects to receive an experimental agent during the study
17. Eat or drink anything containing alcohol within 24 hours prior to dose administration
18. Any condition that would, in the opinion of the Medically Accountable Investigator (MAI), place the subject at an unacceptable risk of injury or render the subject unable to meet the requirements of the protocol
19. Subject has an obvious difference in skin color between arms or the presence of a skin condition, excessive hair at the application site (upper arms/volar forearms), sunburn, raised moles or scars, open sores at application site (upper arms/volar forearms), scar tissue, tattoo, or coloration that would interfere with placement of diclofenac products, skin assessment, or reactions to diclofenac
20. History of asthma or urticaria,, hypertension, myocardial infarction, thrombotic events, stroke, congestive heart failure, impaired renal function or liver disease
21. History of gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer disease

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: Diclofenac patch; Study Session 1: diclofenac epolamine patches (PK) [51 h study duration]	Drug: Diclofenac Epolamine Patch; patch; Other Names: patch
Other: Diclofenac solution; Study Session 2: diclofenac sodium solution (PK) [47 h study duration]	Drug: diclofenac sodium solution; solution; Other Names: solution
Other: Diclofenac patch and solution; Study Session 3: diclofenac epolamine patch pieces and diclofenac sodium solution (no PK, for skin tape stripping) [51 h study duration]	Drug: Diclofenac Epolamine Patch; patch; Other Names: patch; Drug: diclofenac sodium solution; solution; Other Names: solution

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Serum Diclofenac Concentrations	Study Session 1: within 60 min prior to dosing, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 24, 27, 30, 32, 51 h Study Session 2: within 60 min prior to dosing, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 23, 26, 29, 31, 47 h Study Session 3: no blood samples obtained	blood samples obtained over 51 hour time period for study session 1 and over 47 hour time period for study session 2; through study completion

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Maryland, Baltimore
• Collaborators: Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Audra L Stinchcomb, PhD, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Pharmacy; Principal Investigator: Hazem E Hassan, PhD, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Pharmacy

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 19, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 29, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): May 15, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 1, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 4, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): May 9, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 30, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 16, 2020
• Last Verified: June 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Pharmaceutical Solutions; Diclofenac; Diclofenac hydroxyethylpyrrolidine
• Other Study ID Numbers: HP-00067047

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No