Exercise Periodization and Older Adults

Effects of Resistance Training Periodization on Hemodynamic, Morphofunctional and Cognitive Parameters of Robust Older Women.

The present study aimed at investigating the effects of two different resistance training protocols - nonperiodized (NP) and daily undulating periodization (DUP) - on hemodynamic, morphofunctional and cognitive parameters of robust older women. Methods: Forty-two older women were randomized allocated into one of the three experimental groups: NP, DUP, and control group (CG). Evaluations of the hemodynamic, morphofunctional and cognitive parameters occurred before, during and after six months. The exercise groups performed the program of exercise twice a week over 22 weeks. In NP, the two weekly sessions were based on 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions at a difficult intensity. However, in DUP, a power exercise session based on 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions at a moderate intensity was added in the first session of the week.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Physical Activity; Blood Pressure; Sarcopenia; Aging; Physical Disability; Cognitive Decline
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Physical exercise

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 14
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 60 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged ≥60 years;
• Female;
• Not having been part of a systematic program of physical exercises in the last 6 months;
• MEEM score >19 points;
• Kihon checklist score >10 points;
• Capacity to perform the basic and instrumental activities of daily living according to Katz and Pfeffer indexes;
• Self-reported good memory;
• Complete all measurements.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Changes on antihypertensive medication in the past 6 months prior to inclusion in the study;
• Cardiovascular disease (i.e., acute myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and transient ischemic disease)
• Metabolic disease (i.e., diabetes mellitus type I or II), pulmonary disease (i.e., emphysema)
• Neurological and/or psychiatric disease (i.e., Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease)
• Skeletal muscle disorders
• Comorbidities associated with greater risk of falls
• Recent history of smoking or alcohol abuse
• Hormone replacement therapy and/or psychotropic drugs.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Nonperiodized resistance training; The Nonperiodized group performed was an intervention based on resistance exercise program with a constant intensity.	Other: Physical exercise; The interventions proposed in the present trial were based on a safe and well-established exercise training program
Experimental: Daily undulating periodized; The Daily undulating periodized program was an intervention based on daily alterations on exercise load. .	Other: Physical exercise; The interventions proposed in the present trial were based on a safe and well-established exercise training program
No Intervention: Control group; The control group remained their regular habits of life during all study period, without engaging in physical exercise programs.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in transfer capacity in seconds	TUG performance	6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in fat-free mass in kg	Fat-free mass	6 months
Changes in overall cognitive capacity in points	MEEM	6 months
Changes in blood pressure in mmHg	Blood Pressure	6 months
Changes in shor-term memory in points	Memory	6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Campinas, Brazil

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Coelho-Junior HJ, Goncalves IO, Camara NOS, Cenedeze MA, Bacurau RF, Asano RY, Santana J, Caperuto E, Uchida MC, Rodrigues B. Non-periodized and Daily Undulating Periodized Resistance Training on Blood Pressure of Older Women. Front Physiol. 2018 Nov 27;9:1525. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01525. eCollection 2018.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 8, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 16, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): February 23, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 23, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 16, 2018
• Last Verified: February 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Older adults; Exercise training; Blood Pressure; Physical function; Muscle mass; Resistance training; Executive function; Short-term memory; Periodization
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Neurocognitive Disorders; Neuromuscular Manifestations; Pathological Conditions, Anatomical; Cognition Disorders; Muscular Atrophy; Atrophy; Cognitive Dysfunction; Sarcopenia
• Other Study ID Numbers: 835.733

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No