Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) With a Low Carbohydrate Diet to Reduce Weight in Patients With Pre-Diabetes

March 12, 2020 updated by: Caroline Richardson, University of Michigan

Continuous Glucose Monitoring With a Low Carbohydrate Diet to Reduce Weight in Patients With Pre-Diabetes

This study will recruit pre-diabetic patients to see if continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with a low carbohydrate diet can reduce the percentage of time the CGM readings are above the normal range. Through this study it will demonstrate the feasibility of using CGM with a low carbohydrate diet to reduce weight and risk of developing diabetes in patients with pre-diabetes.

Patients that appear to be eligible will be recruited from Michigan Medicine in the Family Medicine Clinic at the Livonia Center.

Study Overview

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

15

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

    • Michigan
      • Livonia, Michigan, United States, 48152
        • The University of Michigan

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

21 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • A1C Glucose Measurement between 5.7 to 6.4 (for most recent A1C test, not older than 1 year)
  • No diabetes medication including Metformin
  • BMI (body mass index) >30
  • Must speak, read, and write in English
  • No current pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Must not classify as either Vegan or Vegetarian
  • Must be a patient at the Livonia Health Center

Exclusion Criteria:

  • previous bariatric surgery

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Normal Diet + CGM then low carb + CGM

Phase I (part 1) - regular diet:

Patients will wear a CGM sensor (with no real time feedback) for 11 days; document what they eat on a food log; and rate their postprandial fatigue and cravings.

Phase II (part 2) - low carb diet:

Patients will wear a CGM sensor (with real time feedback) for 11 days; document what they eat on a food log; and rate their postprandial fatigue and cravings; document their blood sugar before and two hours after eating (as well as before breakfast and before going to bed).

Phase I (regular diet):

all participants will eat their normal diet and will log their food.

Phase II (low carb diet):

participants will be asked to eat a low carb diet and log their food

Phase I will collect CGM without real time feedback
Phase II participants will be asked to scan their sensor at least every eight hours and document their blood sugar before and two hours after eating as well as before breakfast and before going to bed.

Phase I: participants will be given the book Always Hungry and be asked to read chapters 1-5 after a health check phone call approximately 5 days after the sensor is placed.

Phase II: participants will be taught about carbohydrates and the benefits and side effects. Additionally, they will be given multiple resources to assist them regarding carbohydrates as well as a book entitled "The Calorie King, Calories, Fat, and Carbohydrates." Groceries will also be delivered for 2 recipes that the participants choose from to make.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Participant Satisfaction With Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)
Time Frame: 33 days after day 1 (visit 3 completion)
Satisfaction is measured using responses to the post intervention survey question, "How likely are you to recommend that a friend or family member with pre-diabetes wear a continuous glucose monitor (CGM)?". A 5 point scale was used, ranging from 1 to 5, where a score of 1 is "extremely likely" and 5 is "would not recommend". Satisfied respondents answered either 1 or 2 on the scale.
33 days after day 1 (visit 3 completion)
Participant Satisfaction With Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Time Frame: 60 days (30 days after visit 3 completion)
Common qualitative themes related to participant satisfaction with CGM from post intervention interview were coded.
60 days (30 days after visit 3 completion)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Feasibility, Measured by Recruitment
Time Frame: 3 months
Successful recruitment completed within 3 months
3 months
Feasibility of Pre-diabetic Patients to Wear CGM Sensors
Time Frame: completed within 60 days of enrollment
Feasibility is measured by the number of participants who wore a sensor for at least 20 out of 22 days
completed within 60 days of enrollment
Weight Change
Time Frame: day 11 (visit 2), day 22 (visit 3)
Change between visit 1 and the final visit.
day 11 (visit 2), day 22 (visit 3)
Change in Percentage of Time Glucose is Above 140
Time Frame: 33 days after day 1
Comparison between the first sensor wear period and the second sensor wear period.
33 days after day 1
Number of Participants Who Reported Side Effects of Low Carbohydrate Eating and CGM at Health Check Phone Call
Time Frame: Approximately 5 days each new sensor is placed (days 5 and 16)
During the health check phone call survey, participants were asked to report whether they experienced any side effects.
Approximately 5 days each new sensor is placed (days 5 and 16)
Number of Participants Who Reported Side Effects of Low Carbohydrate Eating and CGM in Patient Log
Time Frame: days 11 through 22
In the patient side effect log, participants recorded whether they experienced any side effects.
days 11 through 22
Change in Knowledge of Low Carbohydrate Eating
Time Frame: baseline, day 22
The Low Carbohydrate Knowledge Scale ranges from 15-41, where 15 is a low score and 41 is a high score. Participants were asked to report knowledge at baseline and completion. A positive score indicates an increase from baseline in knowledge, while a score of 15 indicates no change and a negative score indicates a decrease in knowledge from baseline.
baseline, day 22
Change in Cravings From Day 11 to Day 22
Time Frame: 11 days
Participants recorded cravings in food logs. Craving rating scale ranges from 1 to 5, where a score of 1 is low and a score of 5 is high.
11 days
Intention to Continue Low Carbohydrate Eating
Time Frame: day 22
The completion survey asked participants a question, "How confident are you that you can maintain a low carbohydrate diet for the next 12 months?" Intention to Continue Low Carbohydrate eating used a scale of 1 to 5, where a score of 1 was not confident at all and a score of 5 was very confident.
day 22
Utility of CGM Feedback for Changing Diet
Time Frame: 60 days (30 days after visit 3 completion)
Utility of CGM feedback is expressed as the number of participants who qualitatively indicated that CGM feedback helped them to change their diet. Themes were identified and coded from qualitative interviews around this topic. Two qualitative coders identified themes that supported this construct.
60 days (30 days after visit 3 completion)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Caroline Richardson, MD, University of Michigan

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 16, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

March 7, 2019

Study Completion (Actual)

September 26, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

October 2, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 2, 2018

First Posted (Actual)

October 4, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 16, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 12, 2020

Last Verified

February 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

IPD Plan Description

No plan to share IPD

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

Yes

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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